Complete mitochondrial genomes and a novel spatial genetic method reveal cryptic phylogeographical structure and migration patterns among brown bears in north‐western Eurasia

• Published in: Journal of Biogeography
• Main Authors: Keis, Marju, Remm, Jaanus, Ho, Simon Y. W., Davison, John, Tammeleht, Egle, Tumanov, Igor L., Saveljev, Alexander P., Männil, Peep, Kojola, Ilpo, Abramov, Alexei V., Margus, Tõnu, Saarma, Urmas
• Other Authors: Phillimore, Albert, Estonian Science Foundation, Estonian Ministry of Education and Sciences, European Union through the European Regional Development Fund, Estonian Doctoral School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Australian Research Council
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2012
• Subjects: Ecology; Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics; Ursus arctos
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12043; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fjbi.12043; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jbi.12043

Abstract Aim Using sequences of complete mitochondrial genomes, our aims were: (1) to investigate the matrilineal phylogeographical structure, migration patterns and lineage coalescence times in a large, continuous population of brown bears ( Ursus arctos ); and (2) to develop a novel spatial genetic method to identify migration corridors and barriers. Location North‐western Eurasia: from eastern European Russia to the Baltic Sea. Methods We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes of 95 brown bears. The phylogeographical resolution of complete genomes was compared to that derived from subsets of the genome, including the most commonly used shorter sequences. We conducted network and Bayesian phylogeographical analyses and developed a novel, spatially explicit, individual‐based approach (called DR esD) for identifying migration corridors and barriers. Results Analysis of mitogenome sequences revealed five haplogroups, specific to particular geographical areas, exhibiting far greater resolving power than shorter sequences. Estimated coalescence times for the haplogroups ranged from 7.7 to 15.2 ka, suggesting that their divergence took place after the last glaciation. We found several migration trends, including a large westward migration from eastern European Russia towards Finland. We also found evidence of a potential barrier and a migration corridor in the south‐west of the study area. Main conclusions The use of complete mitochondrial genomes from a brown bear population in north‐western Eurasia allowed us to identify phylogeographical structure, signatures of demographic history and spatial processes that had not previously been detected using shorter sequences. These findings have implications for studies on other species and populations, especially those exhibiting low mt DNA diversity. The relatively recent divergence estimates for haplogroups highlight the significance not only of the last glaciation but also of climatic fluctuations during the post‐glacial period for the divergence of mammal ...