Overview of the Late Tertiary–Recent tectonic and palaeo‐environmental development of the Mediterranean region

• Published in: Terra Nova
• Main Authors: Robertson, A.H.F., Grasso, M.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 1995
• Subjects: North Atlantic
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1995.tb00680.x; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fj.1365-3121.1995.tb00680.x; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1995.tb00680.x

ABSTRACT The Late Tertiary history of the Mediterranean region exemplifies processes of ocean basin closure and continental collision, as determined from integrated land and marine evidence. During the Mesozoic–Early Tertiary, tectonic settings were dominated by evolution of Neotethys. This ocean generally widened eastwards, with a number of oceanic strands in the Eastern Mediterranean area. Great diversity of tectonic settings and palaeo‐environments developed during the Tertiary closure history of these oceanic basins. In the Eastern Mediterranean region, more northerly Neotethyan strands were closed by the Mid Tertiary, while oceanic crust remained in the south in the present Eastern Mediterranean Sea area. Northwards subduction of the remaining southerly Neotethyan strand was probably active by the Early Miocene. Different areas exhibit different stages of convergence and ocean basin closure. In the east, the amalgamated Eurasian plate had collided with the Arabian margin (Africa) by the Late Miocene, while oceanic crust still persisted further west. Steady‐state subduction during the Late Tertiary gave rise to the Mediterranean ridge, as a substantial mud‐dominated accretionary wedge. In the Aegean area, sufficient northward subduction took place to activate arc volcanism and pervasive back arc extension, short of marginal basin opening. In the easternmost Mediterranean, only limited subduction took place, associated with supra‐subduction zone extension (e.g. in Cyprus). Today, steady state‐subduction continues only locally, where vestiges of Neotethys remain (e.g. Herodotus abyssal plain). In the Western Mediterranean area, suturing of the African and Eurasian plates initially took place in the Betic region (Early–Mid Tertiary), where the Neotethys had existed only as a narrow connection with the Central North Atlantic. In the Central Mediterranean region, where the Western Neotethys was wider, northward subduction was active, apparently as early as the Late Cretaceous. In a widely accepted interpretation, ...