The ‘Hygiene hypothesis’ and the sharp gradient in the incidence of autoimmune and allergic diseases between Russian Karelia and Finland

Autoimmune and allergic diseases have become a major health problem in the Western world during past decades. The hygiene hypothesis suggests that decreased microbial exposure in childhood leads to increasing prevalence of these diseases. This review summarizes epidemiological evidence and current i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:APMIS
Main Authors: Kondrashova, Anita, Seiskari, Tapio, Ilonen, Jorma, Knip, Mikael, Hyöty, Heikki
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2012
Subjects:
Microbiology (medical)
General Medicine
Immunology and Allergy
Pathology and Forensic Medicine
karelia*
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apm.12023
https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fapm.12023
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/apm.12023
Description
Summary:Autoimmune and allergic diseases have become a major health problem in the Western world during past decades. The hygiene hypothesis suggests that decreased microbial exposure in childhood leads to increasing prevalence of these diseases. This review summarizes epidemiological evidence and current immunological knowledge concerning the hygiene hypothesis. Recent results from Russian Karelia and Finland imply that environmental factors have greatly contributed to the increasing prevalence of immune‐mediated disorders. Infections, or lack of them, may indeed be strongly involved in the development of both autoimmune and allergic diseases.

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