Enzymatic Interesterification Between Pine Seed Oil and a Hydrogenated Fat to Prepare Semi‐Solid Fats Rich in Pinolenic Acid and Other Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

• Published in: Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society
• Main Authors: Otero, Cristina, Márquez, Pablo, Criado, Manuel, Hernández‐Martín, Estela
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2012
• Subjects: Eie; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-012-2149-0; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1007/s11746-012-2149-0

Abstract Enzyme catalyzed interesterification (EIE) of pine seed oil (PSO) and a fully hydrogenated soybean oil (FHSBO) were studied in batch reactors in solvent‐free media to prepare different semisolid fats rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Optimal operation conditions found were: 10 % (w/w) enzyme loading, 75 °C and magnetic agitation at 300 rpm. Quasi‐equilibrium conditions were reached after 2, 3 and 6 h, when immobilized lipases from Thermomyces lanuginosus (Lipozyme ® TL IM) , Candida antarctica B . (Novozym ® 435) and Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme ® RM IM) from Novozymes A/S (Bagsvaerd, Denmark) were employed, respectively. Similar distributions of unsaturated to saturated fatty acid (UFA/SFA) residues along the glycerol backbone of the fat products were obtained with both non‐selective and sn ‐1(3) regioselective lipases due to significant spontaneous acyl migration during the reaction. The products had higher UFA/SFA ratios at the sn ‐2 position (2.4–2.5, 1.4–1.7, and 0.5–0.8 for the trials involving 20, 40 and 70 % FHSBO, w/w, respectively) than the corresponding physical blends (0.8, 0.4 and 0.5, respectively). Fat products containing 3.1–11.6 % (w/w) pinolenic acid (Pn) and 16.1–35.7 % (w/w) linoleic acid (L) at the sn ‐2 position were prepared. The free acid contents of EIE products prepared with Lipozyme ® TL IM and Novozym ® 435 were 6.1–6.4 and 2.5–2.6, respectively. Residual activities of Lipozyme ® TL IM and Novozym ® 435 diminish by ca. 20 % after 9 reaction cycles.