Grizzly bear connectivity mapping in the Canada–United States trans‐border region

• Published in: The Journal of Wildlife Management
• Main Authors: Proctor, Michael F., Nielsen, Scott E., Kasworm, Wayne F., Servheen, Chris, Radandt, Thomas G., Machutchon, A. Grant, Boyce, Mark S.
• Other Authors: Wilburforce Foundation, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Alberta Ingenuity, BC Habitat Conervation Trust Foundation, Creston WIldlife Management Area, Fish Wildlife Compensation Program, Great Northern Conservation Cooperative, Kootenay National Forest, Liz Claiborne Art Ortenberg Foundation, Montana Fish Wildlife & Parks, US Federal Highway Administration, US Fish & Wildlife Service
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2015
• Subjects: Canada; British Columbia; Ursus arctos
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.862; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjwmg.862; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jwmg.862

ABSTRACT Fragmentation is a growing threat to wildlife worldwide and managers need solutions to reverse its impacts on species' populations. Populations of grizzly bears ( Ursus arctos ), often considered an umbrella and focal species for large mammal conservation, are fragmented by human settlement and major highways in the trans‐border region of southern British Columbia, northern Montana, Idaho, and northeastern Washington. To improve prospects for bear movement among 5 small fragmented grizzly bear subpopulations, we asked 2 inter‐related questions: Are there preferred linkage habitats for grizzly bears across settled valleys with major highways in the fragmented trans‐border region, and if so, could we predict them using a combination of resource selection functions and human settlement patterns? We estimated a resource selection function (RSF) to identify high quality backcountry core habitat and to predict front‐country linkage areas using global positioning system (GPS) telemetry locations representing an average of 12 relocations per day from 27 grizzly bears (13F, 14M). We used RSF models and data on human presence (building density) to inform cost surfaces for connectivity network analyses identifying linkage areas based on least‐cost path, corridor, and circuit theory methods. We identified 60 trans‐border (Canada–USA) linkage areas across all major highways and settlement zones in the Purcell, Selkirk, and Cabinet Mountains encompassing 24% of total highway length. We tested the correspondence of the core and linkage areas predicted from models with grizzly bear use based on bear GPS telemetry locations and movement data. Highway crossings were relatively rare; however, 88% of 122 crossings from 13 of our bears were within predicted linkage areas (mean = 8.3 crossings/bear, SE = 2.8, range 1–31, 3 bears with 1 crossing) indicating bears use linkage habitat that could be predicted with an RSF. Long‐term persistence of small fragmented grizzly bear populations will require management of connectivity ...