Breeding bird use and wetland characteristics of diked and undiked coastal marshes in Michigan

• Published in: The Journal of Wildlife Management
• Main Authors: Monfils, Michael J., Brown, Patrick W., Hayes, Daniel B., Soulliere, Gregory J., Kafcas, Ernest N.
• Other Authors: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Michigan Department of Natural Resources
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2013
• Subjects: Bay Lake; Canada; Branta canadensis; Canada Goose
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.637; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fjwmg.637; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jwmg.637

Abstract Dikes were built on Great Lakes coastal wetlands to enable water level management for wetland wildlife, particularly waterfowl, but few studies have compared bird use of these areas to undiked sites. During 2005–2007, we evaluated 9 diked and 7 undiked coastal wetlands at the St. Clair Flats (Lake St. Clair) and Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) of Michigan, USA. We compared bird use of diked and undiked wetlands via 605 10‐minute point counts at randomly selected locations of emergent marsh and 287 45‐minute surveys of randomly selected open water areas. We also measured wetland characteristics in 1,521 randomly selected 0.25‐m 2 quadrats to compare vegetation and physical conditions between diked and undiked wetlands. Diked wetlands had greater coverage and density of cattail ( Typha spp.), coverage of floating‐leaved plants, water depth, and organic sediment depth compared to nearby undiked sites, whereas undiked wetlands had greater coverage and density of common reed ( Phragmites australis ) and bulrush ( Schoenoplectus spp.) than diked wetlands. Bird species richness and similarity indices indicated comparable breeding bird communities. We observed greater abundances of Canada goose ( Branta canadensis ), wood duck ( Aix sponsa ), American bittern ( Botaurus lentiginosus ), least bittern ( Ixobrychus exilis ), and common gallinule ( Gallinula galeata ) in diked wetlands. These species likely responded to the deep‐water cattail marsh and aquatic bed dominating most diked sites. American coot ( Fulica americana ), Forster's tern ( Sterna forsteri ), ring‐billed gull ( Larus delawarensis ), and herring gull ( Larus argentatus ) abundance indices were greater in undiked wetlands, likely related to nesting and foraging habitat provided by the shallower, more open wetlands and connecting lakes. Diked wetlands did not benefit the bird community to the degree expected and conditions in diked areas were indicative of deep marshes with stabilized water levels. Periodic late‐summer drawdowns could encourage growth of ...