Estimating the Audibility of Industrial Noise to Denning Polar Bears

• Published in: The Journal of Wildlife Management
• Main Authors: Owen, Megan A., Pagano, Anthony M., Wisdom, Sheyna S., Kirschhoffer, Bj, Bowles, Ann E., O'Neill, Caitlin
• Other Authors: National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, Brigham Young University, University of California, Santa Cruz
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2020
• Subjects: north slope; Tundra; Ursus maritimus; Alaska
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21977; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/jwmg.21977; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/jwmg.21977

ABSTRACT Oil and gas activities on Alaska's North Slope overlap spatially with polar bear ( Ursus maritimus ) maternal denning habitat and temporally with the peri‐partum and emergence periods. Noise associated with these activities can be substantial and concerns regarding the effects on polar bears have been acknowledged. But the secluded and ephemeral nature of subnivean maternal dens renders the measurement of behavioral and physiological responses of bears to noise exposure challenging, except for rare cases when disturbance‐prompted den abandonment has been documented. These limitations, coupled with the uncertainty associated with the synergistic effects of anthropogenic activities on bears in a rapidly changing Arctic, prompt the need to develop predictive models of disturbance to ensure management guidelines effectively mitigate disturbance. Towards this end, we characterized noise propagation from 9 sources (2 aircraft, 2 over‐tundra tracked vehicles, 4 wheeled on‐road vehicles, and humans walking) used to support industrial activities around artificial snow dens near Milne Point, Alaska, USA, in March–April 2010. We built dens in 4 configurations to mimic variability in den roof thickness and to evaluate differences in noise propagation from when the den was closed compared to being open, similar to den emergence. We integrated these data with an existing polar bear audiogram and developed models to predict auditory‐detection probabilities as a function of distance from the den. Within a closed den, aircraft had high probabilities (detection probability ≥75%) of being detected by polar bears at distances ≤1.6 km and ground‐based sources had high probabilities of detection at distances ≤0.8 km. On average, closed dens reduced noise levels by 15 decibels (dB) relative to open dens. Our findings indicate that although polar bear snow dens effectively attenuate acoustic sound pressure levels, noise from some industrial support vehicles was likely to be detected farther from dens than previously ...