Effects of n‐3 PUFA on insulin resistance after an oral fat load

• Published in: European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology
• Main Authors: Derosa, Giuseppe, Cicero, Arrigo F.G., Fogari, Elena, D'Angelo, Angela, Bonaventura, Aldo, Maffioli, Pamela
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2011
• Subjects: Greenland; inuits
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.201000504; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2Fejlt.201000504; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ejlt.201000504; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ejlt.201000504

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ω‐3 PUFA ( n ‐3 PUFA) on lipid profile and insulin resistance biomarkers. Patients were assigned to receive placebo or n ‐3 PUFA 1 g three times a day, during the meals, for 6 months. We evaluated: body mass index (BMI), body weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA‐IR), blood pressure, lipid profile, resistin (r), retinol binding protein‐4 (RBP‐4), adiponectin (ADN), visfatin, and vaspin. Furthermore patients underwent an oral fat load (OFL) and an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to evaluate M value, and total glucose requirement (TGR). Triglycerides value obtained with n ‐3 PUFA was lower, while HDL‐C, and ADN values were higher compared to placebo. After the OFL, and comparing the OFL performed at the baseline and at the end of the study, there was a decrease of triglycerides (Tg), resistin (r), and RBP‐4 values, and an increase of ADN value with n ‐3 PUFA, but not with placebo. We conclude that the treatment with n ‐3 PUFA resulted in a greater improvement of lipid profile and ADN compared to placebo in a baseline condition, and an improvement of all insulin resistance parameters after an OFL. Practical applications: The inverse association between dietary intake of n ‐3 PUFA and cardiovascular disease morbidity/mortality was primarily established following the observation that the Greenland Inuits had low mortality from coronary heart disease despite a fat‐rich diet. Our group has already shown that n ‐3 PUFA improved the lipid profile and the coagulation, fibrinolytic, and inflammatory parameters compared to placebo. We also observed that highly purified n ‐3 PUFA supplementation significantly reduced the blood pressure, pulse pressure, and basal heart rate in hypertriglyceridemic patients with normal‐high blood pressure. The current study showed that treatment with n ‐3 PUFA not only improved lipid profile in a baseline situation, but it also improved all ...