Methylosphaera

• Main Author: Bowman, John P.
• Format: Other/Unknown Material
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2015
• Subjects: Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01185; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F9781118960608.gbm01185; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01185; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01185

Me.thy.lo.sphae' ra . Fr. n. méthyle the methyl radical; Gr. n. spaira sphere; M.L. n. Methylosphaera methyl sphere. Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Methylococcales / Methylococcaceae / Methylosphaera Cells are spherical , 1.5–2.0 µm in diameter. Occur singly or in pairs. Cysts or other differentiated resting stages are not formed. Gas vesicles present . Poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate granules present. Gram negative. Nonmotile. Nonpigmented. Strictly aerobic respiratory metabolism , with oxygen as the electron acceptor. Obligate utilizer of methane and methanol for carbon and energy . Carbon–carbon bonded compounds are not utilized. Oxidase and catalase positive. The ribulose monophosphate pathway is used to fix formaldehyde for cell carbon. Key enzyme activity of the serine transhydroxymethylase pathway is absent. Nitrate, ammonium salts, and L ‐glutamine are used as nitrogen sources. Nitrate is reduced to nitrate. Fix atmospheric nitrogen . Ribulose‐1,5‐diphosphate carboxylase activity is not present. Psychrophilic , growing at −2–20°C with an optimal temperature range of 10–15°C. No growth occurs on solid agar media. Seawater salts are required for optimal growth . Major fatty acids include C 16 : 0 , C 16 : 1 ω 8c , C 16 : 1 ω 7c , and C 16 : 1 ω 6c . Habitat: Isolated from hypolimnetic and benthic zones of an Antarctic meromictic lake of marine salinity. Belongs to the Gammaproteobacteria as part of the Order Methylococcales , Family Methylococcaceae . The mol % G + C of the DNA is : 43–46 ( T m ). Type species : Methylosphaera hansonii Bowman, McCammon and Skerratt 1998d, 327 (Effective publication: Bowman, McCammon and Skerratt 1997c, 1457.)