Cellulophaga

• Main Author: Bowman, John P.
• Format: Other/Unknown Material
• Language: English
• Published: Wiley 2015
• Subjects: Sea ice
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00300; https://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1002%2F9781118960608.gbm00300; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00300; https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/9781118960608.gbm00300

Cel.lu.lo.pha'ga. N.L. n. cellulosum cellulose; Gr. v. phagein to eat; N.L. fem. n. Cellulophaga eater of cellulose. Bacteroidetes / Flavobacteriia / Flavobacteriales / Flavobacteriaceae / Cellulophaga Rod‐shaped cells with rounded ends , 1.5–5 × 0.4–0.8 µm. Gram‐stain‐negative . Cells occur singly or in pairs, occasionally in chains. Spores and resting cells are not present. Gas vesicles and helical or ring‐shaped cells are not formed. Motile by gliding. Strictly aerobic, with an oxidative type of metabolism. Catalase‐positive. Chemoheterotrophic. Colonies are yellow to orange due to production of carotenoids. Flexirubin pigments are not produced . Strains require Na + for good growth. Good growth occurs between 1 and 5% NaCl; growth does not occur in 10% NaCl. Optimum growth occurs in organic media containing seawater salts. All species: hydrolyze agar, carrageenan, gelatin, starch, and esculin; produce esterase (with Tweens as substrates) and possess β‐galactosidase activity; and decompose L ‐tyrosine and form dark brown pigments on media containing L ‐tyrosine . All species form acid from carbohydrates including D ‐glucose, D ‐galactose, sucrose, trehalose, and cellobiose. Some species are strongly proteolytic, degrading elastin and fibrinogen. Some species can attack and lyse living and dead eukaryotic cells , including yeasts and unicellular algal species. All species grow between 10 and 25°C, with temperature optima depending on the species. Neutrophilic, with optimal growth occurring at pH 7.0–7.5. The major fatty acids are C 15:0 , C 15:1 ω10 c iso, C 15:0 iso, C 16:1 ω7 c , C 17:1 ω7 c iso, C 15:0 3‐OH iso, C 16:0 3‐OH iso, and C 17:0 3‐OH iso. The major polyamine is homospermidine . The major isoprenoid quinone is menaquinone‐6 . The organisms are cosmopolitan inhabitants of marine ecosystems including marine coastal mud and sand, tide pools, seawater (brackish and open ocean), and surfaces of marine benthic, pelagic and sea‐ice‐associated macroalgae and microalgae. DNA G + C content ( mol %): 32–38 ...