Low Antarctic continental climate sensitivity due to high ice sheet orography

• Published in: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
• Main Authors: Singh, Hansi A., Polvani, Lorenzo M.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2020
• Subjects: Atmospheric Science; Environmental Chemistry; Global and Planetary Change; Antarctic; The Antarctic; Antarc*; Ice Sheet
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41612-020-00143-w; https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-020-00143-w.pdf; https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-020-00143-w

Abstract The Antarctic continent has not warmed in the last seven decades, despite a monotonic increase in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases. In this paper, we investigate whether the high orography of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) has helped delay warming over the continent. To that end, we contrast the Antarctic climate response to CO 2 -doubling with present-day orography to the response with a flattened AIS. To corroborate our findings, we perform this exercise with two different climate models. We find that, with a flattened AIS, CO 2 -doubling induces more latent heat transport toward the Antarctic continent, greater moisture convergence over the continent and, as a result, more surface-amplified condensational heating. Greater moisture convergence over the continent is made possible by flattening of moist isentropic surfaces, which decreases humidity gradients along the trajectories on which extratropical poleward moisture transport predominantly occurs, thereby enabling more moisture to reach the pole. Furthermore, the polar meridional cell disappears when the AIS is flattened, permitting greater CO 2 -forced warm temperature advection toward the Antarctic continent. Our results suggest that the high elevation of the present AIS plays a significant role in decreasing the susceptibility of the Antarctic continent to CO 2 -forced warming.