Metabolome of canine and human saliva: a non-targeted metabolomics study
Abstract Introduction Saliva metabolites are suggested to reflect the health status of an individual in humans. The same could be true with the dog ( Canis lupus familiaris ), an important animal model of human disease, but its saliva metabolome is unknown. As a non-invasive sample, canine saliva co...
Published in: | Metabolomics |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2020
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11306-020-01711-0 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11306-020-01711-0.pdf https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11306-020-01711-0/fulltext.html |
Summary: | Abstract Introduction Saliva metabolites are suggested to reflect the health status of an individual in humans. The same could be true with the dog ( Canis lupus familiaris ), an important animal model of human disease, but its saliva metabolome is unknown. As a non-invasive sample, canine saliva could offer a new alternative material for research to reveal molecular mechanisms of different (patho)physiological stages, and for veterinary medicine to monitor dogs’ health trajectories. Objectives To investigate and characterize the metabolite composition of dog and human saliva in a non-targeted manner. Methods Stimulated saliva was collected from 13 privately-owned dogs and from 14 human individuals. We used a non-targeted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-qTOF-MS) method to measure metabolite profiles from saliva samples. Results We identified and classified a total of 211 endogenous and exogenous salivary metabolites. The compounds included amino acids, amino acid derivatives, biogenic amines, nucleic acid subunits, lipids, organic acids, small peptides as well as other metabolites, like metabolic waste molecules and other chemicals. Our results reveal a distinct metabolite profile of dog and human saliva as 25 lipid compounds were identified only in canine saliva and eight dipeptides only in human saliva. In addition, we observed large variation in ion abundance within and between the identified saliva metabolites in dog and human. Conclusion The results suggest that non-targeted metabolomics approach utilizing UHPLC-qTOF-MS can detect a wide range of small compounds in dog and human saliva with partially overlapping metabolite composition. The identified metabolites indicate that canine saliva is potentially a versatile material for the discovery of biomarkers for dog welfare. However, this profile is not complete, and dog saliva needs to be investigated in the future with other analytical platforms to characterize the whole canine saliva metabolome. Furthermore, the detailed comparison of human and dog saliva composition needs to be conducted with harmonized study design. |
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