Optimization of a sequential extraction procedure for trace elements in Arctic PM10

• Published in: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
• Main Authors: Conca, Eleonora, Malandrino, Mery, Giacomino, Agnese, Costa, Emanuele, Ardini, Francisco, Inaudi, Paolo, Abollino, Ornella
• Other Authors: SIDDARTA: Source IDentification of (mineral) Dust to AntaRcTicA, LTCPAA: Long-Term Measurements of Chemical and Physical properties of Atmospheric Aerosols at Dome C, Dirigibile Italia: A platform for a multidisciplinary study on climatic changes in the Arctic region and their influence on temperate latitudes, ARCTICA - ARCTic research on the Inter-connections between Climate and Atmosphere
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2020
• Subjects: Biochemistry; Analytical Chemistry; Arctic
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02874-4; https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00216-020-02874-4.pdf; https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00216-020-02874-4/fulltext.html

Abstract In this work, a two-step sequential extraction scheme for the determination of trace elements in Arctic PM 10 samples was optimized by using two certified reference materials (CRMs). By means of an experimental design for qualitative variables, the five most common extracting solutions for particulate matter (PM) sequential extraction (high purity water (HPW), 0.032 M HNO 3 , 0.022 M HCl, 0.11 M CH 3 COOH, and 0.012 M CH 3 COOH/CH 3 COONH 4 buffer) and two different extraction methods (stirring and ultrasounds) were compared. The purpose of the study was the identification of the procedure which gives the best estimation of the anthropogenic portion of the elements present in PM 10 samples. The use of ultrasounds instead of stirring induced a low but significant decrease of the extraction of all the elements and a decrease in the repeatability of the procedure. Diluted HNO 3 was the extractant which allowed to maximize the extraction of anthropogenic elements (As, Cd, Pb, Zn) with respect to crustal ones (Al, Si, Ti). The optimized procedure proved successful in avoiding contaminations and, therefore, suitable to be applied to PM samples having extremely low concentrations, such as samples collected in polar or other remote areas. The chosen procedure was applied to ten Arctic PM 10 samples, allowing for a better identification of their sources. Indeed, it was possible to hypothesize that even though the concentrations of As, Cd, K, Mg, Mn, and Ni in spring and summer were different, their mobility and, therefore, their chemical form in the analyzed PM 10 samples were probably similar.