Experimental addition of marine-derived nutrients affects wildflower traits in a coastal meta-ecosystem

Organismal movement can bring individuals, resources and novel interactions across ecosystem boundaries and into recipient habitats, thereby forming meta-ecosystems. For example, Pacific salmon ecosystems receive large marine-derived nitrogen subsidies during annual spawning events, which can have a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Royal Society Open Science
Main Authors: Dennert, Allison M., Elle, E., Reynolds, John D.
Other Authors: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Tom Buell BC Leadership Chair Endowment
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2023
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Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.221008
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.221008
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rsos.221008
Description
Summary:Organismal movement can bring individuals, resources and novel interactions across ecosystem boundaries and into recipient habitats, thereby forming meta-ecosystems. For example, Pacific salmon ecosystems receive large marine-derived nitrogen subsidies during annual spawning events, which can have a wide range of effects on aquatic and terrestrial plant species and communities. In this study, we evaluate the effects of cross-ecosystem nutrient subsidies on terrestrial plant growth and reproduction. We conducted a large-scale field experiment with four treatments: (i) addition of a pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) carcass, (ii) addition of the drift seaweed rockweed ( Fucus distichus ), (iii) addition of both salmon + rockweed, and (iv) a control. We examined treatment effects on leaf nitrogen and fitness-associated floral traits in four common estuarine wildflower species. We found elevated leaf ∂ 15 N in all plant species and all sampling years in treatments with salmon carcass additions but did not observe any differences in leaf per cent nitrogen. We also observed larger leaf area in two species, a context-dependent increase in floral display area in two species, and a limited increase in plant seed set in response to both salmon carcass treatments. In sum, our study suggests that marine nutrients can affect terrestrial plant growth and reproduction.