Context-dependent variability in blue whale acoustic behaviour

Acoustic communication is an important aspect of reproductive, foraging and social behaviours for many marine species. Northeast Pacific blue whales ( Balaenoptera musculus ) produce three different call types—A, B and D calls. All may be produced as singular calls, but A and B calls also occur in p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Royal Society Open Science
Main Authors: Lewis, Leah A., Calambokidis, John, Stimpert, Alison K., Fahlbusch, James, Friedlaender, Ari S., McKenna, Megan F., Mesnick, Sarah L., Oleson, Erin M., Southall, Brandon L., Szesciorka, Angela R., Širović, Ana
Other Authors: National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship Program, Office of Naval Research, U.S. Navy's Living Marine Resources (LMR) Program, Office of Naval Research (ONR) Marine Mammal Program
Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2018
Subjects:
Pacific
Balaenoptera musculus
Blue whale
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180241
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.180241
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rsos.180241
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Summary:Acoustic communication is an important aspect of reproductive, foraging and social behaviours for many marine species. Northeast Pacific blue whales ( Balaenoptera musculus ) produce three different call types—A, B and D calls. All may be produced as singular calls, but A and B calls also occur in phrases to form songs. To evaluate the behavioural context of singular call and phrase production in blue whales, the acoustic and dive profile data from tags deployed on individuals off southern California were assessed using generalized estimating equations. Only 22% of all deployments contained sounds attributed to the tagged animal. A larger proportion of tagged animals were female (47%) than male (13%), with 40% of unknown sex. Fifty per cent of tags deployed on males contained sounds attributed to the tagged whale, while only a few (5%) deployed on females did. Most calls were produced at shallow depths (less than 30 m). Repetitive phrasing (singing) and production of singular calls were most common during shallow, non-lunging dives, with the latter also common during surface behaviour. Higher sound production rates occurred during autumn than summer and they varied with time-of-day: singular call rates were higher at dawn and dusk, while phrase production rates were highest at dusk and night.

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