Effect of kelp gull harassment on southern right whale calf survival: a long-term capture–recapture analysis
Kelp gulls ( Larus dominicanus ) commonly feed on the skin and blubber of surfacing southern right whales (SRW, Eubalaena australis ) in the near shore waters of Península Valdés (PV), Argentina. Mothers and especially calves respond to gull attacks by changing their swimming speeds, resting posture...
Published in: | Biology Letters |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
Other Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
The Royal Society
2023
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Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2023.0119 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsbl.2023.0119 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full-xml/10.1098/rsbl.2023.0119 |
Summary: | Kelp gulls ( Larus dominicanus ) commonly feed on the skin and blubber of surfacing southern right whales (SRW, Eubalaena australis ) in the near shore waters of Península Valdés (PV), Argentina. Mothers and especially calves respond to gull attacks by changing their swimming speeds, resting postures and overall behaviour. Gull-inflicted wounds per calf have increased markedly since the mid-1990s. Unusually high mortality of young calves occurred locally after 2003, and increasing evidence points to gull harassment as a factor contributing to the excess deaths. After leaving PV, calves undertake a long migration with their mothers to summer feeding areas; their health during this strenuous exertion is likely to affect their probabilities of first-year survival. To explore the effects of gull-inflicted wounds on calf survival, we analysed 44 capture–recapture observations between 1974 and 2017, for 597 whales photo-identified in their years of birth between 1974 and 2011. We found a marked decrease in first-year survival associated with an increase in wound severity over time. Our analysis supports recent studies indicating that gull harassment at PV may impact SRW population dynamics. |
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