Recommendations for dietary level of micro-minerals and vitamin D 3 to Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) parr and post-smolt when fed low fish meal diets
Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) feeds have changed drastically in their composition from being predominantly marine-based to plant-based. This has altered the dietary supply and availability of micro-nutrients to Atlantic salmon. The impact of graded inclusion levels of a nutrient package (NP) compr...
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crpeerj:10.7717/peerj.6996 2024-06-02T08:03:16+00:00 Recommendations for dietary level of micro-minerals and vitamin D 3 to Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) parr and post-smolt when fed low fish meal diets Antony Jesu Prabhu, P. Lock, Erik-Jan Hemre, Gro-Ingunn Hamre, Kristin Espe, Marit Olsvik, Pål A. Silva, Joana Hansen, Ann-Cecilie Johansen, Johan Sissener, Nini H. Waagbø, Rune “Advanced Research Initiatives for Nutrition & Aquaculture” EU FP7 project under the sub-program “Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Biotechnology” NIFES 2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6996 https://peerj.com/articles/6996.pdf https://peerj.com/articles/6996.xml https://peerj.com/articles/6996.html en eng PeerJ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ PeerJ volume 7, page e6996 ISSN 2167-8359 journal-article 2019 crpeerj https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6996 2024-05-07T14:14:16Z Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) feeds have changed drastically in their composition from being predominantly marine-based to plant-based. This has altered the dietary supply and availability of micro-nutrients to Atlantic salmon. The impact of graded inclusion levels of a nutrient package (NP) comprising of 25 different micro-nutrients were studied in Atlantic salmon parr in freshwater (Trial 1) and post-smolts in seawater (Trial 2). In brief, the NP was included from 0 to 400%, where 100% corresponded to the recommendation by the National Research Council, 2011. Micro-nutrients, namely Zn, Mn, Se, Cu, Fe, Co, I and vitamin D3 were included in the NP with the objective of (re)evaluating the dietary need to meet the requirement of Atlantic salmon parr and post-smolt, when fed low fish meal, plant ingredient-based diets. Responses in apparent availability coefficient (AAC), whole body and vertebrae mineral concentrations, and retention were analysed. AAC of Cu, Mn, Se and Zn responded in a quadratic fashion with an increase in NP from 0 to 400% in freshwater parr; AAC could not be measured in post-smolt salmon. The whole-body concentration of Zn, Se, Co and I in Atlantic salmon parr were significantly affected by increasing NP inclusion; the same was observed for Zn, Se and Co in post-smolt Atlantic salmon. Vertebrae mineral concentration as the response criterion was non-responsive in parr; whereas, in post-smolt, Co had a linear increase, while Zn and Se showed a non-linear increase upon 0 to 400 NP inclusion. Zinc concentration and activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in vertebrae indicated increased bone resorption in post-smolt Atlantic salmon; TRAP activity increased linearly with NP inclusion in post-smolt, but not in parr. Significant correlations between Zn and Se were observed in AAC and vertebral concentrations, indicating an interaction in intestinal uptake and vertebral deposition. Overall, Atlantic salmon parr held in freshwater were able to satisfy ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Atlantic salmon Salmo salar PeerJ Publishing PeerJ 7 e6996 |
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crpeerj |
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English |
description |
Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) feeds have changed drastically in their composition from being predominantly marine-based to plant-based. This has altered the dietary supply and availability of micro-nutrients to Atlantic salmon. The impact of graded inclusion levels of a nutrient package (NP) comprising of 25 different micro-nutrients were studied in Atlantic salmon parr in freshwater (Trial 1) and post-smolts in seawater (Trial 2). In brief, the NP was included from 0 to 400%, where 100% corresponded to the recommendation by the National Research Council, 2011. Micro-nutrients, namely Zn, Mn, Se, Cu, Fe, Co, I and vitamin D3 were included in the NP with the objective of (re)evaluating the dietary need to meet the requirement of Atlantic salmon parr and post-smolt, when fed low fish meal, plant ingredient-based diets. Responses in apparent availability coefficient (AAC), whole body and vertebrae mineral concentrations, and retention were analysed. AAC of Cu, Mn, Se and Zn responded in a quadratic fashion with an increase in NP from 0 to 400% in freshwater parr; AAC could not be measured in post-smolt salmon. The whole-body concentration of Zn, Se, Co and I in Atlantic salmon parr were significantly affected by increasing NP inclusion; the same was observed for Zn, Se and Co in post-smolt Atlantic salmon. Vertebrae mineral concentration as the response criterion was non-responsive in parr; whereas, in post-smolt, Co had a linear increase, while Zn and Se showed a non-linear increase upon 0 to 400 NP inclusion. Zinc concentration and activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in vertebrae indicated increased bone resorption in post-smolt Atlantic salmon; TRAP activity increased linearly with NP inclusion in post-smolt, but not in parr. Significant correlations between Zn and Se were observed in AAC and vertebral concentrations, indicating an interaction in intestinal uptake and vertebral deposition. Overall, Atlantic salmon parr held in freshwater were able to satisfy ... |
author2 |
“Advanced Research Initiatives for Nutrition & Aquaculture” EU FP7 project under the sub-program “Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, Biotechnology” NIFES |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Antony Jesu Prabhu, P. Lock, Erik-Jan Hemre, Gro-Ingunn Hamre, Kristin Espe, Marit Olsvik, Pål A. Silva, Joana Hansen, Ann-Cecilie Johansen, Johan Sissener, Nini H. Waagbø, Rune |
spellingShingle |
Antony Jesu Prabhu, P. Lock, Erik-Jan Hemre, Gro-Ingunn Hamre, Kristin Espe, Marit Olsvik, Pål A. Silva, Joana Hansen, Ann-Cecilie Johansen, Johan Sissener, Nini H. Waagbø, Rune Recommendations for dietary level of micro-minerals and vitamin D 3 to Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) parr and post-smolt when fed low fish meal diets |
author_facet |
Antony Jesu Prabhu, P. Lock, Erik-Jan Hemre, Gro-Ingunn Hamre, Kristin Espe, Marit Olsvik, Pål A. Silva, Joana Hansen, Ann-Cecilie Johansen, Johan Sissener, Nini H. Waagbø, Rune |
author_sort |
Antony Jesu Prabhu, P. |
title |
Recommendations for dietary level of micro-minerals and vitamin D 3 to Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) parr and post-smolt when fed low fish meal diets |
title_short |
Recommendations for dietary level of micro-minerals and vitamin D 3 to Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) parr and post-smolt when fed low fish meal diets |
title_full |
Recommendations for dietary level of micro-minerals and vitamin D 3 to Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) parr and post-smolt when fed low fish meal diets |
title_fullStr |
Recommendations for dietary level of micro-minerals and vitamin D 3 to Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) parr and post-smolt when fed low fish meal diets |
title_full_unstemmed |
Recommendations for dietary level of micro-minerals and vitamin D 3 to Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) parr and post-smolt when fed low fish meal diets |
title_sort |
recommendations for dietary level of micro-minerals and vitamin d 3 to atlantic salmon ( salmo salar) parr and post-smolt when fed low fish meal diets |
publisher |
PeerJ |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6996 https://peerj.com/articles/6996.pdf https://peerj.com/articles/6996.xml https://peerj.com/articles/6996.html |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_source |
PeerJ volume 7, page e6996 ISSN 2167-8359 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6996 |
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PeerJ |
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7 |
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e6996 |
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1800747740407267328 |