Mollusc aquaculture
Abstract Mollusc aquaculture accounts for 22% of animal aquaculture and 60% of animal mariculture. Most aquaculture molluscs are bivalves, although some are gastropods, notably abalone. Bivalves develop via the trochophore, veliger, and pediveliger larval stages. After attachment, the pediveliger me...
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| Format: | Book Part |
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Oxford University PressOxford
2022
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850229.003.0010 https://academic.oup.com/book/chapter-pdf/47538748/oso-9780198850229-chapter-10.pdf |
| Summary: | Abstract Mollusc aquaculture accounts for 22% of animal aquaculture and 60% of animal mariculture. Most aquaculture molluscs are bivalves, although some are gastropods, notably abalone. Bivalves develop via the trochophore, veliger, and pediveliger larval stages. After attachment, the pediveliger metamorphoses into spat. Mollusc aquaculture is divided into two major phases: 1) spat collection and juvenile development and 2) grow-out. Often the first phase is performed in intensive hatcheries while grow-out is by extensive mariculture. Extensive grow-out methods are on-bottom culture, off-bottom culture on poles or racks, and suspension culture using anchored rafts or long horizontal lines. Oysters dominate mollusc aquaculture production, and the Japanese cupped oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is the species with the highest seafood yield. Aquaculture mussels are represented by marine species of the genera Mytilus and Perna. Unlike oysters and mussels, clams prefer soft sediment substrate into which they can burrow. The Japanese carpet shell (Venerupis philippinarum) is a clam and represents the second- most produced aquaculture species of mollusc. Commercial aquaculture also produces several species of scallops, which are free-living bivalves. Commercially important pearl mussels include the freshwater triangle shell (Hyriopsis cumingii) while most marine pearl oysters belong to the genus Pinctada. Abalone are aquaculture gastropods produced for restocking declining natural populations, to process their large foot muscle as seafood, and to make jewellery. Aquaculture bivalves are filter feeders and considered extractive species. However, they are heterotrophs that generate organic waste and mollusc aquaculture approaches differ widely in their ecological sustainability. |
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