| Summary: | This chapter considers when Brussels 2012, Lugano 2007, and the Hague Convention came into force and to which legal proceedings they apply. Brussels 2012 was adopted on 12 December 2012 and became applicable on 10 January 2015. It applies only to legal proceedings instituted after its date of application. If proceedings are instituted before that date, their recognition and enforcement will depend on Brussels 2000, even if the application for recognition is made after Brussels 2012 becomes applicable. Lugano 2007 was signed in Lugano on 30 October 2007. It entered into force for the EU, Denmark, and Norway on 1 January 2010; for Switzerland on 1 January 2011 and for Iceland on 1 May 2011. The Hague Convention was adopted on 30 June 2005 and entered into force on 1 October 2015.
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