Variability in the growth rates and foliage δ 15 N values of black spruce trees across a slope gradient in the Alaskan Interior

• Published in: Canadian Journal of Forest Research
• Main Authors: Tanaka-Oda, Ayumi, Kenzo, Tanaka, Toriyama, Jumpei, Matsuura, Yojiro
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Canadian Science Publishing 2016
• Subjects: permafrost
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0469; http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/full-xml/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0469; http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0469

Black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) is a dominant species on north-facing slopes located on the permafrost in the Alaskan Interior, where tree growth rates vary significantly across slope gradients. To better understand the effects of nitrogen (N) and mycorrhizal associations on plant growth, we investigated the relationships between tree growth and isotope ratios of nitrogen (δ 15 N) in foliage and roots, because plant δ 15 N values reflect tree dependencies on N uptake by mycorrhizae. We established two transects (one along a slope gradient, and a second on a north-to-east axis at a fixed elevation) and four plots on the slope gradient transect. We measured current shoot growth of saplings on transects and aboveground biomass (AGB) in the plots. We collected foliage and fine root samples and measured their δ 15 N signatures and N concentrations. The AGB and shoot growth varied widely across the gradient: values were higher at high elevations and at the east–northeast aspect. Foliage δ 15 N values and N concentrations were positively correlated with tree growth, but growth rate was negatively correlated with the dependency on mycorrhizae for N uptake. Thus, black spruce had a reduced dependency on mycorrhizae for N uptake on the upper slope, where conditions were N-rich. On the lower slope, where the soil active layer was shallow, black spruce growth was limited and had an elevated dependency on mycorrhizae for N uptake.