On the Beginnings of the Oldest Descriptions and Sea-charts by Seamen from North-West Europe

• Published in: Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biology
• Main Author: Lang, A.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge University Press (CUP) 1972
• Subjects: General Engineering; Greenland; Iceland
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080455x00002113; https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0080455X00002113

Sailing directions are one of the oldest aids to navigation that we know of in Europe [1]. Starting from the earliest, primitive descriptions of the courses (Octhere ca 800), the oldest sailing directions to Iceland/Greenland [2], and a brief description of the Bremen-Portulan fragment, from Jutland to the Holy Land (about 1200) [3], a long period covers the history of those descriptions of the courses, and information about routes for shipping in our latitudes.