Calculation and Prediction of the Total Glacial Melting in Watersheds of Central Asia

• Published in: Journal of Glaciology
• Main Author: Konovalov, V.G.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge University Press (CUP) 1977
• Subjects: Earth-Surface Processes; Journal of Glaciology
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000029658; https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0022143000029658

Abstract A computer method for calculating the total melting from May to October has been developed both for a single glacier and for a glacial area. In the second case (which is the more interesting and important for hydrology and glaciology) it is necessary to calculate some characteristics of an “average" glacier of the region using morphometric characteristics included in the Catalogue of the U.S.S.R. glaciers. These are: glacier area; average area of moraine on the glacier; weighted average of heights of upper and lower ends of a glacier and weighted average of mean height of firn line. It is also necessary to obtain data on glacier area distribution by height, precipitation data, and data on air temperature and cloudiness at meteorological stations. In addition to defining typical glacial regions within the limits of the glacial area considered and determination of the “average" glacier characteristics listed above, preparation of the computer programme includes (a) definition of precipitation dependence on orography height and calculation of appropriate parameters, (b) reduction (if necessary) of data obtained from the meteorological station nearest to glacial area to a more prolonged range, (c) calculation of a special balance index of accumulation and melting of seasonal precipitation which makes it possible to define maximum excess of seasonal snow line over the “average" glacier terminus in separate years, and (d) computation of total solar radiation occuring in clear days during May to October. In the course of computation on computer the following operations are realized: (a) determination of an average value of total radiation arriving during months of May to October period given the real cloudiness conditions, (b) calculation of the height of the snow line on the glacier, (c) calculation of quantity and duration of solid atmospheric precipitation which melts between May and October on the glacier surface, (d) estimation of absorbed solar radiation taking account of the differing albedo of glacial ...