Northern Wei
| w = Pei Wei | p = Běi Wèi | l = Northern Wei | j = Bak1 Ngai6 | y = Bāk Ngaih | poj = Pak Guī }}Wei (), known in historiography as the Northern Wei (), Tuoba Wei (), Yuan Wei () and Later Wei (), was an imperial dynasty of China ruled by the Tuoba (Tabgach) clan of the Xianbei. The first of the Northern dynasties, it ruled northern China from 386 to 535 during the period of the Northern and Southern dynasties. Described as "part of an era of political turbulence and intense social and cultural change", the Northern Wei dynasty is particularly noted for unifying northern China in 439, bringing an end to the chaotic Sixteen Kingdoms period, and strengthening imperial control over the rural landscape via reforms in 485. This was also a period of introduced foreign ideas, such as Buddhism, which became firmly established. The Northern Wei was referred to as "Plaited Barbarians" (索虜; ''suǒlǔ'') by writers of the Southern dynasties, who considered themselves the true upholders of Chinese culture.
During the Taihe period (477–499), Empress Dowager Feng and Emperor Xiaowen instituted sweeping reforms that deepened the dynasty's control over the local population in the Han hinterland. Emperor Xiaowen also introduced changes that eventually led to the dynasty moving its capital from Datong to Luoyang, in 494. The Tuoba adopted the surname Yuan (元) as a part of systematic sinicization.
Many antiques and art works, both Taoist art and Buddhist art, from this period have survived. It was the time of the construction of the Yungang Grottoes near Datong during the mid-to-late fifth century, and towards the latter part of the dynasty, the Longmen Grottoes outside the later capital city of Luoyang, in which more than 30,000 Buddhist images from the time of this dynasty have been found.
Towards the end of the Northern Wei dynasty there was significant internal dissension, resulting in a split into the Eastern Wei and the Western Wei dynasties under the rule of the same imperial house in 534–535, which were soon replaced by the Northern Qi and the Northern Zhou dynasties respectively. While the rule of Tuoba clan ended in the mid-6th century CE, its important policies, in particular the political recentralization reforms under Empress Dowager Feng and ethnic integration under Emperor Xiaowen, had a long-lasting impact on later periods of Chinese history. Provided by Wikipedia
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7by Wang, Xun, Luo, Ji, Lin, Che-Jen, Wang, Dingyong, Yuan, WeiGet access
Published in Environmental Pollution (2020)
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9by Wang Xun, Yuan Wei, Lin Che-Jen, Luo Ji, Wang Feiyue, Feng Xinbin, Fu Xuewu, Liu ChenGet access
Published in Environmental Science & Technology (2020)
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11by Wang, Xun, Luo, Ji, Yuan, Wei, Lin, Che-Jen, Wang, Feiyue, Liu, Chen, Wang, Genxu, Feng, XinbinGet access
Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2020)
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13by Jing Liu, Hu Ding, Min Xiao, Zhu-Yan Xu, Yuan Wei, Zhi-Hua Su, Lei Zhao, Jiao-Ting Peng, Heng Wang, Xiao-Dan WangGet access
Published in Water (2020)
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14by Jing Liu, Hu Ding, Min Xiao, Zhu-Yan Xu, Yuan Wei, Zhi-Hua Su, Lei Zhao, Jiao-Ting Peng, Heng Wang, Xiao-Dan WangGet access
Published in Water (2020)
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15by Cynthia Sung, Yuan Wei, Satoru Watanabe, How Sung Lee, Yok Moi Khoo, Lu Fan, Abhay P S Rathore, Kitti Wing-Ki Chan, Milly M Choy, Uma S Kamaraj, October M Sessions, Pauline Aw, Paola F de Sessions, Bernett Lee, John E Connolly, Martin L Hibberd, Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna, Limin Wijaya, Eng Eong Ooi, Jenny Guek-Hong Low, Subhash G VasudevanGet access
Published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2016)
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16by Röhl, Ursula, Thomas, Deborah J., Childress, Laurel B., Anagnostou, Eleni, Ausín, Blanca, Boscolo Galazzo, Flavia, Dias, Bruna Borba, Brzelinski, Swaantje, Dunlea, Ann G., George, Simon C., Haynes, Laura L., Hendy, Ingrid L., Jones, Heather L., Khanolkar, Sonal S., Kitch, Gabriella D., Lee, Hojun, Raffi, Isabella, Reis, Alex J., Sheward, Rosie M., Sibert, Elizabeth, Tanaka, Erika, Wilkens, Roy H., Yasukawa, Kazutaka, Yuan, Wei, Zhang, Qiang, Zhang, Yang, Drury, Anna J., Hollis, Christopher J.Get access
Published 2022
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17by Röhl, Ursula, Thomas, Deborah J., Childress, Laurel B., Anagnostou, Eleni, Ausín, Blanca, Boscolo Galazzo, Flavia, Dias, Bruna Borba, Brzelinski, Swaantje, Dunlea, Ann G., George, Simon C., Haynes, Laura L., Hendy, Ingrid L., Jones, Heather L., Khanolkar, Sonal S., Kitch, Gabriella D., Lee, Hojun, Raffi, Isabella, Reis, Alex J., Sheward, Rosie M., Sibert, Elizabeth, Tanaka, Erika, Wilkens, Roy H., Yasukawa, Kazutaka, Yuan, Wei, Zhang, Qiang, Zhang, Yang, Drury, Anna J., Hollis, Christopher J.Get access
Published 2022
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18by Röhl, Ursula, Thomas, Deborah J., Childress, Laurel B., Anagnostou, Eleni, Ausín, Blanca, Boscolo Galazzo, Flavia, Dias, Bruna Borba, Brzelinski, Swaantje, Dunlea, Ann G., George, Simon C., Haynes, Laura L., Hendy, Ingrid L., Jones, Heather L., Khanolkar, Sonal S., Kitch, Gabriella D., Lee, Hojun, Raffi, Isabella, Reis, Alex J., Sheward, Rosie M., Sibert, Elizabeth, Tanaka, Erika, Wilkens, Roy H., Yasukawa, Kazutaka, Yuan, Wei, Zhang, Qiang, Zhang, Yang, Drury, Anna J., Hollis, Christopher J.Get access
Published 2022
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19by Röhl, Ursula, Thomas, Deborah J., Childress, Laurel B., Anagnostou, Eleni, Ausín, Blanca, Boscolo Galazzo, Flavia, Dias, Bruna Borba, Brzelinski, Swaantje, Dunlea, Ann G., George, Simon C., Haynes, Laura L., Hendy, Ingrid L., Jones, Heather L., Khanolkar, Sonal S., Kitch, Gabriella D., Lee, Hojun, Raffi, Isabella, Reis, Alex J., Sheward, Rosie M., Sibert, Elizabeth, Tanaka, Erika, Wilkens, Roy H., Yasukawa, Kazutaka, Yuan, Wei, Zhang, Qiang, Zhang, Yang, Drury, Anna J., Hollis, Christopher J.Get access
Published 2022
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20by Röhl, Ursula, Thomas, Deborah J., Childress, Laurel B., Anagnostou, Eleni, Ausín, Blanca, Boscolo Galazzo, Flavia, Dias, Bruna Borba, Brzelinski, Swaantje, Dunlea, Ann G., George, Simon C., Haynes, Laura L., Hendy, Ingrid L., Jones, Heather L., Khanolkar, Sonal S., Kitch, Gabriella D., Lee, Hojun, Raffi, Isabella, Reis, Alex J., Sheward, Rosie M., Sibert, Elizabeth, Tanaka, Erika, Wilkens, Roy H., Yasukawa, Kazutaka, Yuan, Wei, Zhang, Qiang, Zhang, Yang, Drury, Anna J., Hollis, Christopher J.Get access
Published 2022
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