Poland
![A reconstruction of a [[Bronze Age](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Biskupin_brama_od_zewnatrz.jpg)
Prehistoric human activity on Polish soil dates to the Lower Paleolithic, with continuous settlement since the end of the Last Glacial Period. Culturally diverse throughout late antiquity, in the early medieval period the region became inhabited by the West Slavic tribal Polans, who gave Poland its name. The process of establishing statehood coincided with the conversion of a pagan ruler of the Polans to Christianity, under the auspices of the Roman Catholic Church in 966. The Kingdom of Poland emerged in 1025, and in 1569 cemented its long-standing association with Lithuania, thus forming the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the time, the Commonwealth was one of the great powers of Europe, with an elective monarchy and a uniquely liberal political system, which adopted Europe's first modern constitution in 1791.
With the passing of the prosperous Polish Golden Age, the country was partitioned by neighbouring states at the end of the 18th century. Poland regained its independence at the end of World War I in 1918 with the creation of the Second Polish Republic, which emerged victorious in various conflicts of the interbellum period. In September 1939, the invasion of Poland by Germany and the Soviet Union marked the beginning of World War II, which resulted in the Holocaust and millions of Polish casualties. Forced into the Eastern Bloc in the global Cold War, the Polish People's Republic was a founding signatory of the Warsaw Pact. Through the emergence and contributions of the Solidarity movement, the communist government was dissolved and Poland re-established itself as a democratic state in 1989.
Poland is a unitary parliamentary republic with its bicameral legislature comprising the Sejm and the Senate. Considered a middle power, it is a developed market and high-income economy that is the sixth largest in the EU by nominal GDP and the fifth largest by GDP (PPP). Poland enjoys a very high standard of living, safety, and economic freedom, as well as free university education and universal health care. The country has 17 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, 15 of which are cultural. Poland is a founding member state of the United Nations and a member of the World Trade Organization, OECD, NATO, and the European Union (including the Schengen Area). Provided by Wikipedia
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9by Poland, John S., Mitchell, Scott, Rutter, AllisonGet access
Published in Cold Regions Science and Technology (2001)
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12by Rutter, Allison, Cairns, Graham, Plato, Natalie, Poland, John S.Get access
Published in Polar Record (2003)
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14by Twiss, SD, Graves, Jefferson Alden, Poland, VF, Pomeroy, PatrickGet access
Published in Molecular Ecology (2006)
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15by Paudyn, Krysta, Rutter, Allison, Kerry Rowe, R., Poland, John S.Get access
Published in Cold Regions Science and Technology (2008)
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16by Twiss, SD, Graves, Jefferson Alden, Poland, VF, Pomeroy, PatrickGet access
Published in Molecular Ecology (2006)
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17by Kalinovich, Indra K., Rutter, Allison, Rowe, R. Kerry, Poland, John S.Get access
Published in Journal of Environmental Management (2012)
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18by KALINOVICH, I, RUTTER, A, POLAND, J, CAIRNS, G, ROWE, RGet access
Published in Science of The Total Environment (2008)
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20by Kalinovich, I., Rutter, A., Rowe, R. K., McWatters, R., Poland, J. S.Get access
Published in Geosynthetics International (2008)
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