North Sea
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/NASA_NorthSea1_2.jpg)
It hosts key north European shipping lanes and is a major fishery. The coast is a popular destination for recreation and tourism in bordering countries, and a rich source of energy resources, including wind and wave power.
The North Sea has featured prominently in geopolitical and military affairs, particularly in Northern Europe, from the Middle Ages to the modern era. It was also important globally through the power northern Europeans projected worldwide during much of the Middle Ages and into the modern era. The North Sea was the centre of the Vikings' rise. The Hanseatic League, the Dutch Republic, and the British each sought to gain command of the North Sea and access to the world's markets and resources. As Germany's only outlet to the ocean, the North Sea was strategically important through both world wars.
The coast has diverse geology and geography. In the north, deep fjords and sheer cliffs mark much of its Norwegian and Scottish coastlines respectively, whereas in the south, the coast consists mainly of sandy beaches, estuaries of long rivers and wide mudflats. Due to the dense population, heavy industrialisation, and intense use of the sea and the area surrounding it, various environmental issues affect the sea's ecosystems. Adverse environmental issuescommonly including overfishing, industrial and agricultural runoff, dredging, and dumping, among others have led to several efforts to prevent degradation and to safeguard long-term economic benefits. Provided by Wikipedia
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10by Bozec Y, D. C. E. Bakker, C. Hartman, H. Thomas, R. Bellerby, U. Riebesell, H. J. W. De, De Baar H. J. W, P. Boyd, K. Coale, A. Tsuda, Y. Bozec, M. Brzezinski, M. Boyé, P. Croot, F. Gervais, M. Gorbunov, P. Harrison, W. Hiscock, C. Lancelot, M. Levasseur, A. Marchetti, J. Nishioka, Y. Nojiri, T. Van Oijen, S. Takeda, K. Timmermans, M. Veldhuis Synthesis Of, Bakker D. C. E, I. Skjelvan, V. Strass, Thomas H, H. J. W. De Baar, K. Elkalay, M. Frankignoulle, L. -s. Schiettecatte, A. V. Borges, The Carbon, North Sea BiogeosciencesGet access
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11by Durif, Caroline M. F., Nyqvist, Daniel, Taormina, Bastien, Shema, Steven D., Skiftesvik, Anne Berit, Freytet, Florian, Browman, Howard I.Contributors: “...Norwegian Institute of Marine Research’s North Sea Program...”
Published in PeerJ (2023)
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12by Hagens, Mathilde, Slomp, Caroline, Meysman, Filip, Seitaj, Dorina, Harlay, Jerome, Borges, Alberto, Middelburg, JackContributors: “...NWO-ZKO: Dynamics of acidification in the North Sea: documentation and attribution...”
Published 2015
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13Contributors: “...NWO-ZKO: Dynamics of acidification in the North Sea: documentation and attribution...”
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14by Hagens, Mathilde, Slomp, Caroline, Meysman, Filip, Borges, Alberto, Middelburg, JackContributors: “...NWO-ZKO: Dynamics of acidification in the North Sea: documentation and attribution...”
Published 2013
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15by Reubens, Jan T., De Rijcke, Maarten, Degraer, Steven, Vincx, MagdaContributors: “...Management Unit of the North Sea Mathematical Models (MUMM)...”
Published in Journal of Sea Research (2014)
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16by Mander, Lucas, Nicholson, Ian, Green, Ros M.W., Dodd, Steve G., Forster, Rodney M., Burton, Niall H. K.Contributors: “...North Sea Programme of the European Regional Development Fund of the European Union...”
Published in Bird Study (2022)
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17by Nyqvist, D., Nilsson, P.A., Alenäs, I., Elghagen, J., Hebrand, M., Karlsson, S., Kläppe, S., Calles, O.Contributors: “...The Living North Sea...”
Published in Ecological Engineering (2017)
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18by Fabri, Nannet D., Sprong, Hein, Hofmeester, Tim R., Heesterbeek, Hans, Donnars, Björn F., Widemo, Fredrik, Ecke, Frauke, Cromsigt, Joris P. G. M.Contributors: “...European Interreg North Sea Region program...”
Published in Parasites & Vectors (2021)
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