Information technology
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Although humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating, and communicating information since the earliest writing systems were developed, the term ''information technology'' in its modern sense first appeared in a 1958 article published in the ''Harvard Business Review''; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)." Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making, and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs.
The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several products or services within an economy are associated with information technology, including computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors, internet, telecom equipment, and e-commerce.}}
Based on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to distinguish four distinct phases of IT development: pre-mechanical (3000 BC — 1450 AD), mechanical (1450 — 1840), electromechanical (1840 — 1940), and electronic (1940 to present).
Information technology is also a branch of computer science, which can be defined as the overall study of procedure, structure, and the processing of various types of data. As this field continues to evolve around the world, its overall priority and importance has also grown, which is where we begin to see the introduction of computer science-related courses in K-12 education. Provided by Wikipedia
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3by Hodgson, Dominic A., Graham, Alastair G. C., Verfaillie, Deborah, Colhoun, Eric A., Saunders, Krystyna M., Selkirk, Patrick M., Mackintosh, Andrew, Hedding, David W., Nel, Werner, Hall, Kevin, McGlone, Matt S., Van der Putten, Nathalie, Roberts, Stephen J., Dickens, William A., Smith, James A., Bentley, Michael J., Cofaigh, Colm Ó, Verleyen, Elie, Vyverman, Wim, Jomelli, Vincent, Favier, Vincent, Brunstein, DanielContributors: “...The University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science & Information Technology, Faculty of Science...”
Published 2014
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4by Chivers, WilliamContributors: “...University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science and Information Technology, School of Design...”
Published 2009
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5by Liu, Changhui, Wang, Fei, Jin, Sun, Li, Fei, Lai, XinminContributors: “...Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China...”
Published in International Journal of Metalcasting (2019)
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6by Kunnasranta, Mervi, Niemi, Marja, Auttila, Miina, Valtonen, Mia, Kammonen, Juhana, Nyman, TommiContributors: “...Centre for Information Technology...”
Published in Biological Conservation (2022)
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7by Liu, Yi, Fei, Yan, Wang, WeianContributors: “...Shaofei Wu, Information Technology and Industrial Engineering Research Center...”
Published in International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) (2013)
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8by Colonese, André Carlo, Zanchetta, Giovanni, Fallick, Anthony E., Martini, Fabio, Manganelli, Giuseppe, Drysdale, Russell N.Contributors: “...The University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science & Information Technology, School of Environmental...”
Published 2010
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9by Sippe, P. C.Contributors: “...University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science & Information Technology, School of Environmental...”
Published 1970
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10by Chonrogianni, Christina, Ariztegui, Daniel, Oldfield, Frank, Rolph, Tim, Juggins, Stephen, Shemesh, Aldo, Rietti-Shati, Miri, Niessen, Frank, Guilizzoni, Piero, Lami, Andrea, McKenzie, Judith A.Contributors: “...The University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science & Information Technology, School of Environmental...”
Published 2004
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11by Chonrogianni, Christina, Ariztegui, Daniel, Oldfield, Frank, Rolph, Tim, Juggins, Stephen, Shemesh, Aldo, Rietti-Shati, Miri, Niessen, Frank, Guilizzoni, Piero, Lami, Andrea, McKenzie, Judith A.Contributors: “...The University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science & Information Technology, School of Environmental...”
Published 2004
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12by Meylan, Michael H., Yiew, Lucas J., Bennetts, Luke G., French, Benjamin J., Thomas, Giles A.Contributors: “...The University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science & Information Technology, School of Mathematical...”
Published 2015
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13Contributors: “...The University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science & Information Technology, School of Mathematical...”
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14The use of stalagmite geochemistry to detect past volcanic eruptions and their environmental impactsby Frisia, Silvia, Badertscher, S., Borsato, A., Susini, J., Gokturk, O. M., Cheng, H., Edwards, R. L., Kramers, J., Toyusz, O., Fleitmann, D.Contributors: “...The University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science & Information Technology, School of Environmental...”
Published 2008
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15Contributors: “...The University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science & Information Technology, School of Mathematical...”
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16Contributors: “...The University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science & Information Technology, School of Environmental...”
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17by Griffiths, Michael LindgrenContributors: “...University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science and Information Technology, School of Environmental...”
Published 2010
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18Contributors: “...The University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science & Information Technology, School of Environmental...”
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19by Drysdale, R. N., Hellstrom, J. C., Zanchetta, G., Fallick, A. E., Sánchez Goñi, M. F., Couchoud, I., McDonald, J., Maas, R., Lohmann, G., Isola, I.Contributors: “...The University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science & Information Technology, School of Environmental...”
Published 2009
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20by Scholz, D., Frisia, S., Borsato, A., Spötl, C., Fohlmeister, J., Mudelsee, M., Miorandi, R., Mangini, A.Contributors: “...The University of Newcastle. Faculty of Science & Information Technology, School of Environmental...”
Published 2012
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