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Animals Chlorides/metabolism Mechanoreceptors/metabolism Neurons/metabolism Potassium/metabolism 1999) identified electroneutral K-Cl cotransporter in the slowly adapting stretch receptor neurone of the European lobster. The experiments were based on microelectrode techniques. This allowed us to perform steady-state measurements of the so-called "instantaneous" current-voltage relationships (around a holding voltage of -65 mV after a blockage of the cell's action potential and hyperpolarization-activated currents) and intracellular ion concentrations at various settings of the extracellular K(+) and Cl(-) concentrations. From the results Carrier Proteins/metabolism Cobalt/pharmacology Experiments were performed to define quantitatively the substrate (K(+) and Cl(-)) dependence of the transport function (production of equally large and oppositely directed K(+)and Cl(-) flows/currents) of an earlier (Theander et al In Vitro Techniques Ion Pumps/metabolism Ion Transport Ion Transport/drug effects Kinetics Membrane Potentials/drug effects Nephropidae Nephropidae/metabolism Neurosciences Other Basic Medicine Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism Sodium/metabolism Symporters all membrane currents add up to zero. For the cotransporter currents and (b) enabling rapid transmembrane K(+) shifts that provide for a stabilization of the cell's membrane voltage and membrane excitability in cases of varying extracellular K(+) concentrations. The model predictions gave however in steady state no clear evidence that the K-Cl cotransporter is critically involved in the cell's volume regulation in conditions of varying extracellular osmolalities the model predictions suggested that the K-Cl cotransporter does play an important role in (a) keeping intracellular Cl(-) low for a proper function of the cell's inhibitory system the negative sums of the inferred non-KCl cotransporter K(+) and Cl(-) currents could be taken as equivalents of the K-Cl cotransporter's K(+) and Cl(-) currents for the reason that