National Council of Maubere Resistance
The National Council of Maubere Resistance (Portuguese: Conselho Nacional da Resistência Maubere, or CNRM) was an umbrella organisation of East Timorese individuals and organisations dedicated to resisting the Indonesian occupation of 1975–1999.In March 1986, FRETILIN and the UDT announced the formation of a coalition. In a re-organisation of the resistance structure, resistance leader Xanana Gusmão declared the resistance force Falintil to be a non-partisan 'national' army. In 1988, he relinquished membership of FRETILIN, believing the fight for a free East Timor transcended political loyalties. He established the National Council of Maubere Resistance (CNRM) and was declared leader. José Ramos-Horta became external spokesperson.
The term Maubere was coined by Ramos-Horta in the 1970s. Initially used by the Portuguese to describe illiterate members of the Mambai, one of the largest ethnic groups of East Timor, it was reinvented as a badge of national pride by FRETILIN.
In April 1998, all Timorese political parties gathered in Peniche, Portugal and agreed to join the CNRM under a new name. Accordingly, it was renamed the National Council of Timorese Resistance (Portuguese: Conselho Nacional de Resistência Timorense), or CNRT.
In May 1998, Indonesian president Suharto stepped down and his successor B. J. Habibie offered East Timor "special autonomy." The CNRT rejected the proposal on 11 August 1998, calling instead for a referendum on independence and the release of Xanana Gusmão from prison. The United Nations agreed to hold a referendum allowing the Timorese to choose autonomy (represented on the ballot paper by the Indonesian flag) or independence (represented on the ballot paper by the CNRT flag). 78.5% opted for independence. After mass violence blamed on pro-Indonesian militias, the UN took over administration and accepted the CNRT as its Timorese counterpart organization.
In 2000, the CNRT held its first congress inside East Timor, in Dili. With independence slated for 2002, the CNRT dissolved in 2001 to allow for a multi-party democracy. Provided by Wikipedia
-
1by Doctorat De, L’université De Toulouse, Délivré Par, Université Toulouse, Iii Paul Sabatier, Glaciologie Télédétection, Gerhard Krinner, Chargé Recherche, Patrick Vincent, Pierre Bauer, Directeur Recherche, Emérite Cnrm Examinateur, Frédérique Remy, Directrice Recherche, Legos Directrice Thèse, Directrice De Thèse, Frédérique RémyGet access
Get access
Text -
2by Matthieu Chevallier, École Doctorale Sciences, Ingénierie Et Environnement, Mme Marie-noëlle, M. Bruno, Université Mcgill, M. Gilles, Garric Examinateur Mercator-océan, M. Nicholas, Hall Examinateur Legos, Mme Valérie, Quiniou-ramus Examinateur Total, M. Martin, Vancoppenolle Examinateur Locean, M. Michel, Déqué Directeur Cnrm-game, M. Marc, Bocquet Directeur, École Ponts ParistechGet access
Published 2013
Get access
Text -
3by Smith, Gregory C., Allard, Richard, Babin, Marcel, Bertino, Laurent Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Chevallier, Matthieu Météo France, Toulouse . Division of Marine and Oceanography; Université de Toulouse, Toulouse . CNRS. Météo France. CNRM, Corlett, Gary European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, Darmstadt, Crout, Julia Perspecta, Inc., Bay St. Louis, MS . Stennis Space Center, Davidson, Fraser Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John’s, NL, Delille, Bruno Université de Liège . Chemical Oceanography Unit, Gille, Sarah T. Univ. of California, San Diego, CA . Scripps Inst. of Oceanography, Hebert, David Naval Research Lab., Bay St. Louis, MS . Stennis Space Center, Hyder, Patrick Met Office, Exeter, Intrieri, Janet National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Boulder, CO . Earth System Research Lab. Physical Sciences Division, Lagunas, José Université Laval-CNRS, Quebec City . Takuvik, Larnicol, Gilles Collecte Localisation Satellites, Toulouse, Kaminski, Thomas The Inversion Lab, Hamburg, Kater, Belinda Arcadis Nederland B.V., Zwolle, Kauker, Frank Ocean Atmosphere Systems, Hamburg, Alfred Wegener Inst. for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Marec, Claudie Université Laval-CNRS, Quebec City . Takuvik; Laboratoire d’Oceanographie Physique et Spatiale, CNRS – IFREMER – IRD – UBO, Plouzané, Mazloff, Matthew Univ. of California, San Diego, CA . Scripps Inst. of Oceanography, Metzger, E. Joseph Naval Research Lab., Bay St. Louis, MS . Stennis Space Center, Mordy, Calvin Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA . Joint Inst. for the Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans, O’Carroll, Anne European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, Darmstadt, Olsen, Steffen M. Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Phelps, Michael Perspecta, Inc., Stennis Space Center, Bay St. Louis, MS, Posey, Pamela Perspecta, Inc., Stennis Space Center, Bay St. Louis, MS, Prandi, Pierre Collecte Localisation Satellites, Toulouse, Rehm, Eric Université Laval-CNRS, Quebec City . Takuvik, Reid, Phillip Bureau of Meteorology Hobart, TAS, Rigor, Ignatius Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA . Polar Science Center, Sandven, Stein Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Shupe, Matthew National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Boulder, CO . Earth System Research Lab. Physical Sciences Division; Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO . Cooperative Inst. for Research in Environmental Sciences, Swart, Sebastiaan Univ. of Gothenburg . Dept. of Marine Sciences; Univ. of Cape Town . Dept. of Oceanography, Smedstad, Ole Martin Perspecta, Inc., Stennis Space Center, Bay St. Louis, MS, Solomon, Amy National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Boulder, CO . Earth System Research Lab., Storto, Andrea Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation, La Spezia, Thibaut, Pierre Collecte Localisation Satellites, Toulouse, Toole, John Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, Wood, Kevin Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA . Joint Inst. for the Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans, Xie, Jiping Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen, Yang, Qinghua Sun Yat-Sen Univ., Guangzhou . School of Atmospheric Sciences. Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster StudiesGet access
Published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2023)
Get access
Get access
-
4Contributors: “...METEO FRANCE CNRM GAME UMR 3589 TOULOUSE FRA...”
Get access
Other/Unknown Material -
5by Voldoire, AuroreContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published 2020
Get access
Get access
Get access
Report -
6by Charles, Elodie, Idier, Déborah, Delecluse, Pascale, Déqué, Michel, Le Cozannet, GonériContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in Ocean Dynamics (2012)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
7Contributors: “...METEO FRANCE CNRS UMR 3589 CNRM GRENOBLE FRA...”
Get access
Other/Unknown Material -
8by Charles, Elodie, Idier, Déborah, Thiebot, Jérôme, Le Cozannet, Gonéri, Pedreros, Rodrigo, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Planton, SergeContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published in Journal of Climate (2012)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
9by Charles, ElodieContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published 2012
Get access
Get access
Thesis -
10by Charles, ElodieContributors: “...Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME)...”
Published 2012
Get access
Get access
Get access
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis -
11by El Amraoui, Laaziz, Sič, Bojan, Piacentini, Andrea, Marécal, Virginie, Frebourg, Nicolas, Attié, Jean-LucContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (2020)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
12by El Amraoui, Laaziz, Sič, Bojan, Piacentini, Andrea, Marécal, Virginie, Frebourg, Nicolas, Attié, Jean-LucContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (2020)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
13by yano, jun-ichi, Ambaum, Maarten, Dacre, Helen, Manzato, AgostinoContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography (2020)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
14by yano, jun-ichi, Ambaum, Maarten, Dacre, Helen, Manzato, AgostinoContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography (2020)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
15by Ricaud, Philippe, Grigioni, Paolo, Roehrig, Romain, Durand, Pierre, Veron, DanaContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Atmosphere (2020)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
16Contributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
17Drivers of the enhanced decline of land near-surface relative humidity to abrupt 4xCO2 in CNRM-CM6-1by Douville, Hervé, Decharme, Bertrand, Delire, C., Colin, J., Joetzjer, E., Roehrig, R., Saint-Martin, D., Oudar, T., Stchepounoff, R., Voldoire, A.Contributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Climate Dynamics (2020)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
18by Ricaud, Philippe, Grigioni, Paolo, Roehrig, Romain, Durand, Pierre, Veron, DanaContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Atmosphere (2020)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
19by Druckenmiller, Matthew, Moon, Twila, Thoman, Richard, Ballinger, Thomas, Berner, Logan, Bernhard, Germar, Bhatt, Uma, Bjerke, Jarle, Box, Jason, Brown, R., Cappelen, John, Christiansen, Hanne, Decharme, Bertrand, Derksen, C., Divine, Dmitry, Drozdov, D., Elias Chereque, A., Epstein, Howard, Farquharson, L., Farrell, Sinead, Fausto, Robert, Fettweis, Xavier, Fioletov, Vitali, Forbes, Bruce, Frost, Gerald, Gargulinski, Emily, Gerland, Sebastian, Goetz, Scott, Grabinski, Z., Grooß, Jens-Uwe, Haas, Christian, Hanna, Edward, Hanssen-Bauer, Inger, Hendricks, Stefan, Holmes, Robert, Ialongo, Iolanda, Isaksen, K., Jain, Piyush, Johnsen, Bjørn, Kaleschke, L., Kholodov, A., Kim, Seong-Joong, Korsgaard, Niels, Labe, Zachary, Lakkala, Kaisa, Lara, Mark, Loomis, Bryant, Luojus, K., Macander, Matthew, Malkova, G.Contributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (2021)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
20by Giese, Alexandra, Boone, Aaron, Wagnon, Patrick, Hawley, RobertContributors: “...Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM)...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2020)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper