SM-65E Atlas
The SM-65E Atlas, or Atlas-E, was an operational variant of the Atlas missile. It first flew on October 11, 1960, and was deployed as an operational ICBM from September 1961 until April 1966. Following retirement as an ICBM, the Atlas-E, along with the Atlas-F, was refurbished for orbital launches as the Atlas E/F. The last Atlas E/F launch was conducted on March 24, 1995, using a rocket which had originally been built as an Atlas E.As fully operational ICBMs, the Atlas E and F, which differed only in guidance systems, had upgraded engines and inertial control instead of the Atlas D's radio ground guidance. The ignition system was also different from the one used on the D-series, which used a "wet" start, meaning that the propellants were injected into the combustion chamber prior to ignition, and a hypergolic igniter on the fully developed version. The Atlas E/F for comparison used pyrotechnic cartridges and a dry start (ignition coming before propellant injection) for an extremely rapid ignition that required no hold-down time on the pad to prevent combustion instability. The booster engines had separate gas generators unlike the Atlas D which had one gas generator for both engines. The launcher system used for the E and F series was also different from the D series, eliminating the hold-down arms in favor of a mechanism that would immediately release the missile as thrust built up.
Atlas-E launches were conducted from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, at Launch Complexes 11 and 13, and Vandenberg Air Force Base at OSTF-1, LC-576 and SLC-3. Provided by Wikipedia
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5by Fuhlbrügge, S., Krüger, K., Quack, B., Atlas, E., Hepach, H., Ziska, F.Get access
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2013)
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7by Fuhlbruegge, Steffen, Krüger, Kirstin, Quack, Birgit, Atlas, E., Hepach, Helmke, Ziska, FranziskaGet access
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2013)
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9by Laepple, T., Schultz, M., Lamarque, J., Madronich, S., Shetter, R., Lefer, B., Atlas, E.Get access
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research (2005)
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12by Swanson, AL, Blake, NJ, Blake, DR, Sherwood Rowland, F, Dibb, JE, Lefer, BL, Atlas, EGet access
Published 2007
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13by Hepach, H.H., Quack, B., Ziska, F., Fuhlbrügge, S., Atlas, E., Peeken, Ilka, Krüger, K., Wallace, D.Get access
Published in Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (2013)
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14by Hepach, H., Quack, B., Ziska, F., Fuhlbrügge, S., Atlas, E. L., Krüger, K., Peeken, I., Wallace, D. W. R.Get access
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2018)
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15by Hepach, Helmke, Quack, B., Ziska, F., Fuhlbrügge, S, Atlas, E. L., Krüger, K., Peeken, Ilka, Wallace, D. W. R.Get access
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2014)
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16by Martinerie, P., Nourtier-Mazauric, E., Barnola, J.-M., Sturges, W. T., Atlas, E., Gohar, L. K., Shine, G. P.Get access
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2009)
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17by Hepach, Helmke, Quack, Birgit, Ziska, Franziska, Fuhlbruegge, Steffen, Atlas, E. L., Peeken, Ilka, Krüger, Kirstin, Wallace, Douglas W.R.Get access
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2014)
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20by Sturges, W.T., McIntyre, H.P., Penkett, S.A., Chappellaz, J., Barnola, J.-M., Mulvaney, R., Atlas, E., Stroud, V.Get access
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (2001)
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