United Kingdom
![The [[Bayeux Tapestry](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Bayeux_Tapestry_WillelmDux.jpg)
The lands of the UK have been inhabited continuously since the Neolithic. In AD 43 the Roman conquest of Britain began; the Roman departure was followed by Anglo-Saxon settlement. In 1066, the Normans conquered England. With the end of the Wars of the Roses the English state stabilised and began to grow in power, resulting by the 16th century in the annexation of Wales, the domination of Scotland, and the establishment of the British Empire. Over the course of the 17th century, the role of the British monarchy was reduced, particularly as a result of the English Civil War. In 1707, the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland united under the Treaty of Union to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Acts of Union 1800 incorporated the Kingdom of Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801. Most of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922 as the Irish Free State, and the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 created the present United Kingdom.
The UK became the first industrialised country and was the world's foremost power for the majority of the 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly during the "Pax Britannica" between 1815 and 1914. At its height in the 1920s, the British Empire encompassed almost a quarter of the world's landmass and population, and was the largest empire in history. However, its involvement in the First World War and the Second World War damaged Britain's economic power and a global wave of decolonisation led to the independence of most British colonies.
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.}} The UK has three distinct jurisdictions: England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Since 1999, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own governments and parliaments which control various devolved matters. The UK is a developed country and has the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal gross domestic product (GDP). It is a nuclear state, and is ranked fourth globally in military expenditure. The UK has been a permanent member of the UN Security Council since its first session in 1946. It is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, Council of Europe, G7, OECD, NATO, Five Eyes, AUKUS and CPTPP. British influence can be observed in the legal and political systems of many of its former colonies, and British culture remains globally influential, particularly in language, literature, music and sport. English is the world's most widely spoken language and the third-most spoken native language. Provided by Wikipedia
-
201by Pagani, Luca, Lawson, Daniel John, Jagoda, Evelyn, Mörseburg, Alexander, Eriksson, Anders, Mitt, Mario, Clemente, Florian, Hudjashov, Georgi, DeGiorgio, Michael, Saag, Lauri, Wall, Jeffrey D., Cardona, Alexia, Mägi, Reedik, Sayres, Melissa A. Wilson, Kaewert, Sarah, Inchley, Charlotte, Scheib, Christiana L., Järve, Mari, Karmin, Monika, Jacobs, Guy S., Antao, Tiago, Iliescu, Florin Mircea, Kushniarevich, Alena, Ayub, Qasim, Tyler-Smith, Chris, Xue, Yali, Yunusbayev, Bayazit, Tambets, Kristiina, Mallick, Chandana Basu, Saag, Lehti, Pocheshkhova, Elvira, Andriadze, George, Muller, Craig, Westaway, Michael C., Lambert, David M., Zoraqi, Grigor, Turdikulova, Shahlo, Dalimova, Dilbar, Sabitov, Zhaxylyk, Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar, Lachance, Joseph, Tishkoff, Sarah, Momynaliev, Kuvat, Isakova, Jainagul, Damba, Larisa D., Gubina, Marina, Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn, Evseeva, Irina, Atramentova, Lubov, Utevska, Olga, Ricaut, François-Xavier, Brucato, Nicolas, Sudoyo, Herawati, Letellier, Thierry, Cox, Murray P., Barashkov, Nikolay A., Škaro, Vedrana, Mulahasanovic´, Lejla, Primorac, Dragan, Sahakyan, Hovhannes, Mormina, Maru, Eichstaedt, Christina A., Lichman, Daria V., Abdullah, Syafiq, Chaubey, Gyaneshwer, Wee, Joseph T. S., Mihailov, Evelin, Karunas, Alexandra, Litvinov, Sergei, Khusainova, Rita, Ekomasova, Natalya, Akhmetova, Vita, Khidiyatova, Irina, Marjanović, Damir, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Behar, Doron M., Balanovska, Elena, Metspalu, Andres, Derenko, Miroslava, Malyarchuk, Boris, Voevoda, Mikhail, Fedorova, Sardana A., Osipova, Ludmila P., Lahr, Marta Mirazón, Gerbault, Pascale, Leavesley, Matthew, Migliano, Andrea Bamberg, Petraglia, Michael, Balanovsky, Oleg, Khusnutdinova, Elza K., Metspalu, Ene, Thomas, Mark G., Manica, Andrea, Nielsen, Rasmus, Villems, Richard, Willerslev, Eske, Kivisild, Toomas, Metspalu, MaitContributors: “...Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom...”
Published in Nature (2016)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
202by Stevenson, D. S., Johnson, C. E., Highwood, E. J., Gauci, V., Collins, W. J., Derwent, R. G.Contributors: “...United Kingdom Met Office Exeter...”
Published 2003
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
203by Stevenson, D. S., Johnson, C. E., Highwood, E. J., Gauci, V., Collins, W. J., Derwent, R. G.Contributors: “...United Kingdom Met Office Exeter...”
Published 2003
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
204by Stevenson, D. S., Johnson, C. E., Highwood, E. J., Gauci, V., Collins, W. J., Derwent, R. G.Contributors: “...United Kingdom Met Office Exeter...”
Published 2003
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
205by Stevenson, D. S., Johnson, C. E., Highwood, E. J., Gauci, V., Collins, W. J., Derwent, R. G.Contributors: “...United Kingdom Met Office Exeter...”
Published 2003
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
206by Fouilloux, Anne, Trasatti, Elisa, Foglini, Federica, Coca-Castro, Alejandro, Iaquinta, JeanContributors: “...The Alan Turing Institute, London, United Kingdom...”
Published 2023
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
207by Dentinger, Bryn, Kim, Jan T., Niskanen, Tuula, Pokorny, Lisa, Kirk, Paul M., Liimatainen, KareContributors: “...{"funder_name":"Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom","funder_doi":"http://dx.doi.org...”
Published in Fungal Diversity (2022)
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
208by Liew, Yi Jin, Aranda, Manuel, Carr, Adrian, Baumgarten, Sebastian, Zoccola, Didier, Tambutté, Sylvie, Allemand, Denis, Micklem, Gos, Voolstra, Christian R.Contributors: “..., United Kingdom....”
Published in PLoS ONE (2014)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
209by Juncu, D., Arnadottir, Th, Geirsson, H., Gudmundsson, G. B., Lund, B., Gunnarsson, G., Hooper, A., Hreinsdottir, S., Michalczewska, K.Contributors: “...COMET, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom...”
Published in Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (2020)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
210by Romano, V., Macelloni, G., Spogli, L., Brogioni, M., Marinaro, G., Mitchell, C. N.Contributors: “...Mitchell, C. N.; University of Bath, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Bath, United Kingdom...”
Published in Annals of Geophysics (2013)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
211by Haddeland, I., Clark, D.B., Franssen, W., Ludwig, F., Voss, F., Arnell, N.W., Bertrand, Nathalie, Best, M., Folwell, S., Gerten, D., Gomes, S., Gosling, S.N., Hagemann, S., Hanasaki, N., Harding, R., Heinke, J., Kabat, P., Koirala, S., Oki, T., Polcher, Jan, Stacke, T., Viterbo, P., Weedon, G.P., Yeh, P.Contributors: “...Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom...”
Published in Journal of Hydrometeorology (2011)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
212by Haddeland, I., Clark, D.B., Franssen, W., Ludwig, F., Voß, F., Arnell, N.W., Bertrand, Nathalie, Best, M., Folwell, S., Gerten, D., Gomes, S., Gosling, S.N., Hagemann, S., Hanasaki, N., Harding, R., Heinke, J., Kabat, P., Koirala, S., Oki, T., Polcher, Jan, Stacke, T., Viterbo, P., Weedon, G.P., Yeh, P.Contributors: “...Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom...”
Published in Journal of Hydrometeorology (2011)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
213by Haddeland, I., Clark, D.B., Franssen, W., Ludwig, F., Voß, F., Arnell, N.W., Bertrand, Nathalie, Best, M., Folwell, S., Gerten, D., Gomes, S., Gosling, S.N., Hagemann, S., Hanasaki, N., Harding, R., Heinke, J., Kabat, P., Koirala, S., Oki, T., Polcher, Jan, Stacke, T., Viterbo, P., Weedon, G.P., Yeh, P.Contributors: “...Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom...”
Published in Journal of Hydrometeorology (2011)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
214by Damoah, R., Spichtinger, N., Servranckx, R., Fromm, M., Eloranta, E. W., Razenkov, I. A., James, P., Shulski, M., Forster, C., Stohl, A.Contributors: “...United Kingdom Met Office Exeter...”
Published 2006
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
215by Damoah, R., Spichtinger, N., Servranckx, R., Fromm, M., Eloranta, E. W., Razenkov, I. A., James, P., Shulski, M., Forster, C., Stohl, A.Contributors: “...United Kingdom Met Office Exeter...”
Published 2005
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
216by Damoah, R., Spichtinger, N., Servranckx, R., Fromm, M., Eloranta, E. W., Razenkov, I. A., James, P., Shulski, M., Forster, C., Stohl, A.Contributors: “...United Kingdom Met Office Exeter...”
Published 2005
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
217by Damoah, R., Spichtinger, N., Servranckx, R., Fromm, M., Eloranta, E. W., Razenkov, I. A., James, P., Shulski, M., Forster, C., Stohl, A.Contributors: “...United Kingdom Met Office Exeter...”
Published 2006
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
218by Prikryl, P., Zhang, Y., Ebihara, Y., Ghoddousi-Fard, R., Jayachandran, P. T., Kinrade, J., Mitchell, C. N., Weatherwax, A. T., Bust, G., Cilliers, P. J., Spogli, L., Alfonsi, Lu., Romano, V., Ning, B., Li, G., Jarvis, M. J., Danskin, D. W., Spanswick, E., Donovan, E., Terkildsen, M.Contributors: “...Kinrade, J.; University of Bath, Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Bath, United Kingdom...”
Published in Annals of Geophysics (2013)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
219by Halsey, L.G., Butler, P.J., Fahlman, A., Bost, Charles-André, Woakes, A.J., Handrich, YvesContributors: “...University of Roehampton, United Kingdom...”
Published in Physiological and Biochemical Zoology (2008)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
220by Halsey, L.G., Butler, P.J., Fahlman, A., Bost, Charles-André, Woakes, A.J., Handrich, YvesContributors: “...University of Roehampton, United Kingdom...”
Published in Physiological and Biochemical Zoology (2008)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper