United Kingdom
![The [[Bayeux Tapestry](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Bayeux_Tapestry_WillelmDux.jpg)
In 1707, the Kingdom of England (which included Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland united under the Treaty of Union to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Acts of Union 1800 incorporated the Kingdom of Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801. Most of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922 as the Irish Free State, and the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 created the present name.
The UK became the first industrialised country and was the world's foremost power for the majority of the 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly during the "Pax Britannica" between 1815 and 1914. At its height in the 1920s, the British Empire encompassed almost a quarter of the world's landmass and population, and was the largest empire in history. However, its involvement in the First World War and the Second World War damaged Britain's economic power and a global wave of decolonisation led to the independence of most British colonies. British influence can be observed in the legal and political systems of many of its former colonies, and British culture remains globally influential, particularly in language, literature, music and sport. English is the world's most widely spoken language and the third-most spoken native language.
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.}} The UK has three distinct jurisdictions: England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Since 1999, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own governments and parliaments which control various devolved matters. The capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom is London, whose wider metropolitan area is the largest in Western Europe, with a population of 14.9 million. The cities of Edinburgh, Cardiff, and Belfast are the national capitals of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, respectively. Other major cities include Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, Bristol, Liverpool, Sheffield, Newcastle and Leeds.
The UK is a developed country and has the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal gross domestic product (GDP). It is a recognised nuclear state, and is ranked fourth globally in military expenditure. The UK has been a permanent member of the UN Security Council since its first session in 1946. It is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, Council of Europe, G7, OECD, NATO, Five Eyes, AUKUS and CPTPP. Provided by Wikipedia
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121by Fang Wang, Bamber, Jonathan L., Xiao ChengContributors: “...U.K. NERC...”
Published in IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters (2015)
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122by Smedley, Marie, Clokie, Benjamin G J, Migaud, Herve, Campbell, Patrick, Walton, Jamie, Hunter, Dougie, Corrigan, David, Taylor, JohnContributors: “...BioMar U.K....”
Published in Aquaculture (2016)
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123by Betancor, Monica, Dam, Thi M C, Walton, Jamie, Morken, Thea, Campbell, Patrick, Tocher, Douglas RContributors: “...BioMar U.K....”
Published in British Journal of Nutrition (2016)
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124by Gilbey, John, Wennevik, Vidar, Bradbury, Ian R., Fiske, Peder, Hansen, Lars Petter, Jacobsen, Jan Arge, Potter, TedContributors: “...Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), U.K. Government...”
Published in Fisheries Research (2017)
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125by Müller, Susann, Vähätalo, Anssi V., Stedmon, Colin A., Granskog, Mats A., Norman, Louiza, Aslam, Shazia N., Underwood, Graham J.C., Dieckmann, Gerhard S., Thomas, David N.Contributors: “...U.K. Natural Environment Research Council...”
Published in Marine Chemistry (2013)
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126Contributors: “...Stamper, R.; Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, U.K....”
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127by Dall’Osto, Manuel, Santl-Temkiv, Tina, O'Dowd, Colin, Harrison, Roy M.Contributors: “...U.K. Natural Environment Research Council...”
Published in Atmospheric Environment (2020)
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128by Betancor, Monica, Sprague, Matthew, Sayanova, Olga, Usher, Sarah, Metochis, Christoforos, Campbell, Patrick, Napier, Johnathan A, Tocher, Douglas RContributors: “...BioMar U.K....”
Published in PLOS ONE (2016)
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129by Taylor, John, Waagbo, Rune, Diez-Padrisa, Meritxell, Campbell, Patrick, Walton, Jamie, Hunter, Dougie, Matthew, Chessor, Migaud, HerveContributors: “...BioMar U.K....”
Published in Aquaculture Nutrition (2015)
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130by Betancor, Monica, Sprague, Matthew, Sayanova, Olga, Usher, Sarah, Campbell, Patrick, Napier, Johnathan A, Caballero, Maria Jose, Tocher, Douglas RContributors: “...BioMar U.K....”
Published in Aquaculture (2015)
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131by Rees, D., Gordon, R., Fuller-Rowell, T. J., Smith, M., Carignan, G. R. (George R. ), Killeen, Timothy L., Hays, Paul B. (Paul Byron), Spencer, Nelson W.Contributors: “...Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College, London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, U.K....”
Published in Planetary and Space Science (1985)
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132by Törrönen, Riitta, McDougal, Gordon J., Dobson, Gary, Stewart, Derek, Hellström, Jarkko, Mattila, Pirjo, Pihlava, Juha-Matti, Koskela, Ali, Karjalainen, ReijoContributors: “...The James Hutton Institute, U.K....”
Published in Journal of Functional Foods (2012)
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133by Yang, Yuande, Moore, Philip, Li, Zhenhong, Li, FeiContributors: “...U.K. Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the Centre for the Observation...”
Published in IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (2021)
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134by Florindo, F., Wilson, G. S., Roberts, A. P., Sagnotti, L., Verosub, K. L.Contributors: “... Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, U.K....”
Published in Global and Planetary Change (2005)
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135by Rees, D., Fuller-Rowell, T. J., Gordon, R., Smith, M. F., Maynard, N. C., Heppner, J. P., Spencer, Nelson W., Wharton, L. E., Hays, Paul B. (Paul Byron), Killeen, Timothy L.Contributors: “...Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E6BT, U.K...”
Published in Planetary and Space Science (1986)
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136by Bremer, J., Alfonsi, Lu., Bencze, P., Lastovicka, J., Mikhailov, A. V., Rogers, N.Contributors: “...Rogers, N.; Centre for RF Propagation and Atmospheric Research, QinetiQ, Malvern, U.K....”
Published 2004
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137by Aubert, Cyril, Djamali, Morteza, Jones, Matthew, Lahijani, Hamid, Marriner, Nick, Naderi-Beni, Abdolmajid, Sharifi, Arash, Ponel, Philippe, Gandouin, EmmanuelContributors: “...School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham. NG7 2RD, U.K....”
Published in Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2019)
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138by Aubert, Cyril, Djamali, Morteza, Jones, Matthew, Lahijani, Hamid, Marriner, Nick, Naderi-Beni, Abdolmajid, Sharifi, Arash, Ponel, Philippe, Gandouin, EmmanuelContributors: “...School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham. NG7 2RD, U.K....”
Published in Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (2019)
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139by Cózar, Andrés, Martí, Elisa, Duarte, Carlos M., García-de-Lomas, Juan, van Sebille, Erik, Ballatore, Thomas J., Eguíluz, V. M., González-Gordillo, J. Ignacio, Pedrotti, Maria L., Echevarría, Fidel, Troublè, Romain, Irigoien, XabierContributors: “...Grantham Institute and Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, U.K...”
Published in Science Advances (2017)
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140by Sitzia, Luca, Bertran, Pascal, Bahain, Jean-Jacques, Bateman, Mark, Hernandez, Marion, Garon, Henri, de Lafontaine, Guillaume, Mercier, Norbert, Leroyer, Chantal, Queffelec, Alain, Voinchet, PierreContributors: “...The University of Sheffield Sheffield, U.K....”
Published in Quaternary Science Reviews (2015)
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