Rock (geology)
![The [[Grand Canyon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Marsh_Butte_and_Geikie_Peak%2C_Grand_Canyon.jpg)
In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. Rocks form the Earth's outer solid layer, the crust, and most of its interior, except for the liquid outer core and pockets of magma in the asthenosphere. The study of rocks involves multiple subdisciplines of geology, including petrology and mineralogy. It may be limited to rocks found on Earth, or it may include planetary geology that studies the rocks of other celestial objects.
Rocks are usually grouped into three main groups: igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are formed when magma cools in the Earth's crust, or lava cools on the ground surface or the seabed. Sedimentary rocks are formed by diagenesis and lithification of sediments, which in turn are formed by the weathering, transport, and deposition of existing rocks. Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are subjected to such high pressures and temperatures that they are transformed without significant melting.
Humanity has made use of rocks since the earliest humans. This early period, called the Stone Age, saw the development of many stone tools. Stone was then used as a major component in the construction of buildings and early infrastructure. Mining developed to extract rocks from the Earth and obtain the minerals within them, including metals. Modern technology has allowed the development of new human-made rocks and rock-like substances, such as concrete. Provided by Wikipedia
-
1561by Williams, Mark, Floyd, James D., Salas, Maria Jose, Siveter, David J., Stone, Philip, Vannier, Jean M.C.Get access
Published in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (2003)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
1562by Wynne, James, O'Sullivan, Maree, Stone, Glenn, Cook, Mathew, Nowak, Barbara, Lovell, David, Taylor, Richard, Elliott, NicholasGet access
Published in Developmental & Comparative Immunology (2008)
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
1563by Wynne, J.W., Cook, M.T., Nowak, B., Lovell, D., O'Sullivan, M., Stone, G., Elliott, N.G.Get access
Published in Aquaculture (2007)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
1564by Iyengar, A., Piyapattanakorn, S., Heipel, D. A., Stone, D. M., Howell, B. R., Child, A. R., Maclean, N.Get access
Published in Molecular Ecology (2000)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
1565by Otten, Charlotte M., Collins, Henry B., de Laguna, Frederica, Carpenter, Edmund, Stone, Peter, Thiry, Paul, Thiry, MaryGet access
Published in American Indian Quarterly (1979)
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
1566by Monsalve, M. V., Stone, A. C., Lewis, C. M., Rempel, A., Richards, M. P., Straathof, S., Devine, D. V.Get access
Published in American Journal of Physical Anthropology (2002)
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
1567
-
1568by M. J. Barcikowska, S. J. Weaver, F. Feser, S. Russo, F. Schenk, D. A. Stone, M. F. Wehner, M. ZahnGet access
Published in Earth System Dynamics (2018)
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
1569by Scaife, Robert G., Long, Antony J., Monteath, Alistair J., Hughes, Paul D.M., Bentley, Michael J., Stone, PhilipGet access
Published in Journal of Quaternary Science (2019)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
1570by Aurell, Johanna, Holder, Amara, Gullett, Brian, Lamie, Nathan, Arsava, Kemal, Conmy, Robyn, Sundaravadivelu, Devi, Mitchell, William, Stone, KarenGet access
Published in Marine Pollution Bulletin (2021)
Get access
Get access
Text -
1571by Iyengar, Arati, Piyapattanakorn, Sanit, Stone, David M., Heipel, Diana A., Howell, Bari R., Baynes, Stephen M., Maclean, NormanGet access
Published in Marine Biotechnology (2000)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
1572
-
1573
-
1574
-
1575by Scaife, R.G., Long, A.J., Monteath, A.J., Hughes, P.D.M., Bentley, M.J., Stone, P.Get access
Published in Journal of Quaternary Science (2019)
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
1576
-
1577
-
1578
-
1579by Gharbi, Karim, Glover, Kevin A, Stone, Louise C, MacDonald, Elizabeth S, Matthews, Louise, Grimholt, Unni, Stear, Michael JGet access
Published in BMC Genetics (2009)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
1580by MacDonald Elizabeth S, Stone Louise C, Glover Kevin A, Gharbi Karim, Matthews Louise, Grimholt Unni, Stear Michael JGet access
Published in BMC Genetics (2009)
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper