Shandong
| t = 山東 | l = East of the Taihang Mountains | p = Shāndōng | gr = Shandong | bpmf = | w = | mi = | wuu = Se平 ton平 | j = Saan1-dung1 | ci = | y = Sāan-dūng | tl = Suann-tang | poj = Soaⁿ-tang }} Shandong , ; ; alternately romanized as Shantung}} is a coastal province in East China. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history since the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. It has served as a pivotal cultural and religious center for Taoism, Chinese Buddhism and Confucianism. Shandong's Mount Tai is the most revered mountain of Taoism and a site with one of the longest histories of continuous religious worship in the world. The Buddhist temples in the mountains south of the provincial capital of Jinan were once among the foremost Buddhist sites in China. The city of Qufu was the birthplace of Confucius, and later became the center of Confucianism.Shandong's location at the intersection of ancient and modern north–south and east–west trading routes has helped establish it as an economic center. After a period of political instability and economic hardship beginning in the late 19th century, Shandong has experienced rapid growth in recent decades. Home to over 100 million inhabitants, Shandong is the world's sixth-most populous subnational entity, and China's second-most populous province. The economy of Shandong is China's third-largest provincial economy with a GDP of (US$1.3 trillion) in 2021, equivalent to the GDP of Mexico. If considered among sovereign states, Shandong would rank as the 15th-largest economy and the 15th-most populous . Its GDP per capita is around the national average.
Shandong is one of China's leading provinces in education and research. It has 153 higher education institutions, ranking second in East China after Jiangsu and fourth among all Chinese first-level divisions after Jiangsu, Guangdong and Henan. , the Nature Index ranked Jinan ranked 32nd and Qingdao 43rd in the top 50 cities in the world by scientific research output. Provided by Wikipedia
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1by Wang, Xiao-Yan, Wei, Ying, Feng, Li-Juan, Yuan, Xian-Zheng, Wang, Shu-Guang, Xia, Peng-FeiContributors: “...Department of Science and Technology of Shandong Province...”
Published in ACS ES&T Water (2024)
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2by Li, Baoshan, Li, Zheng, Sun, Yongzhi, Wang, Shixin, Huang, Bingshan, Wang, JiyingContributors: “...key research and development Plan of Shandong Province...”
Published in Aquaculture and Fisheries (2019)
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3by Xing, Jing, Zhou, Xiujuan, Tang, Xiaoqian, Sheng, Xiuzhen, Zhan, WenbinContributors: “...Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province...”
Published in Fish & Shellfish Immunology (2017)
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4by Zhang, Zheng, Yu, Yongxiang, Jiang, Yan, Wang, Yingeng, Liao, Meijie, Rong, Xiaojun, Liu, QianContributors: “...Taishan project for industry leading talent of Shandong province...”
Published in Archives of Microbiology (2020)
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5by Wang, Xiaotong, Xu, Wenjie, Wei, Lei, Zhu, Chenglong, He, Cheng, Song, Hongce, Cai, Zhongqiang, Yu, Wenchao, Jiang, Qiuyun, Li, Lingling, Wang, Kun, Feng, ChenguangContributors: “...Key Research & Development Plan of Shandong Province...”
Published in Frontiers in Genetics (2019)
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6by Fu, Qiang, Yang, Ning, Gao, Chengbin, Tian, Mengyu, Zhou, Shun, Mu, Xingjiang, Sun, Fanyue, Li, ChaoContributors: “...Shandong Province...”
Published in Fish & Shellfish Immunology (2018)
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7Contributors: “...Shandong Province Department of Science and Technology...”
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8by Wang, Wentao, Zhang, Jinjin, Shao, Rui, Liang, Shufei, Zhang, Hui, Xu, Weiqi, Li, Mingzhu, Ai, Qinghui, Mai, Kangsen, Wan, MinContributors: “...Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation...”
Published in Aquaculture (2023)
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9Contributors: “...Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province...”
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10by Wei, Lei, Jiang, Qiuyun, Cai, Zhongqiang, Yu, Wenchao, He, Cheng, Guo, Wen, Wang, XiaotongContributors: “...Key R & D Program of Shandong Province, China...”
Published in Fish & Shellfish Immunology (2019)
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11by Zhao, Chunyan, Jiang, Guangpeng, Zhou, Shun, Wang, Guodong, Sha, Zhenxia, Sun, Yongjun, Xiu, YunjiContributors: “...Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province...”
Published in Fish & Shellfish Immunology (2019)
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12by Mao, Lei, Wang, Fei, Li, Yuanyuan, Dai, Yufeng, Liu, Yanjun, Wang, Jingfeng, Xue, ChanghuContributors: “...Primary Research & Development Plan of Shandong Province...”
Published in Food Science and Biotechnology (2018)
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13by Zhao, Yi, Sun, Chunxiao, Huang, Luyao, Zhang, Xiao, Zhang, Guojian, Che, Qian, Li, Dehai, Zhu, TianjiaoContributors: “...Shandong Province...”
Published in Journal of Natural Products (2021)
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14by Guo, Peiyu, Xue, Meilan, Teng, Xiangyun, Wang, Yanhui, Ren, Rong, Han, Jianmin, Zhang, Huaqi, Tian, Yingjie, Liang, HuiContributors: “...Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province...”
Published in The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry (2022)
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15by Gong, Bin, Zhang, Ruiqi, Sun, Tianwei, Jiang, Yujing, Golsanami, Naser, Li, Yanlong, Fernando, Shanilka G., Jayasuriya, Madusanka N.Contributors: “...Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province...”
Published in Energy & Fuels (2022)
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16by Wang, Xue, Wang, Weijun, Li, Zan, Sun, Guohua, Xu, Xiaohui, Feng, Yanwei, Luo, Qihao, Li, Bin, Zhang, Qingqi, Yang, JianminContributors: “...Earmarked Fund for Agriculture Seed Improvement Project of Shandong Province...”
Published in Aquaculture (2021)
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17by Wei, Lei, Xu, Fei, Wang, Yuzhi, Cai, Zhongqiang, Yu, Wenchao, He, Cheng, Jiang, Qiuyun, Xu, Xiqiang, Guo, Wen, Wang, XiaotongContributors: “...Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System of Shandong Province, China...”
Published in Marine Biotechnology (2018)
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18by Liu, Meijie, Yan, Ran, Zhang, Xi, Xu, Ying, Chen, Ping, Zhao, Yongsen, Guo, Yuexiang, Chen, Yangeng, Zhang, Xiaohan, Li, ShengxuContributors: “...Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province...”
Published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2022)
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19by Sun, Xinran, Liu, Daiming, Zhang, Yongtao, Zhang, Guodong, Wang, Fei, Wang, XiaolinContributors: “...Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province...”
Published in Chemical Engineering Journal (2024)
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20by Sun, Chunxiao, Liu, Xiaoyu, Sun, Ning, Zhang, Xiaomin, Shah, Mudassir, Zhang, Guojian, Che, Qian, Zhu, Tianjiao, Li, Jing, Li, DehaiContributors: “...Shandong Province...”
Published in Journal of Natural Products (2022)
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