Germany
Germany, }} officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG),, }} is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic and North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its 16 constituent states have a total population of over 82 million in an area of , making it the most populous member state of the European Union. It borders Denmark to the north, Poland and Czechia to the east, Austria and Switzerland to the south, and France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands to the west. The nation's capital and most populous city is Berlin and its main financial centre is Frankfurt; the largest urban area is the Ruhr.Settlement in what is now Germany began in the Lower Paleolithic, with various tribes inhabiting it from the Neolithic onward, chiefly the Celts. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity. A region named Germania was documented before AD 100. In 962, the Kingdom of Germany formed the bulk of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation. Following the Napoleonic Wars and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the German Confederation was formed in 1815.
Formal unification of Germany into the modern nation-state commenced on 18 August 1866 with the North German Confederation Treaty establishing the Prussia-led North German Confederation later transformed in 1871 into the German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was in turn transformed into the Weimar Republic. The Nazi rise to power in 1933 led to the establishment of a totalitarian dictatorship, World War II, and the Holocaust. After the end of World War II in Europe and a period of Allied occupation, in 1949, Germany as a whole was organized into two separate polities with limited sovereignty: the Federal Republic of Germany, generally known as West Germany, and the German Democratic Republic, known as East Germany, while Berlin continued its ''de jure'' Four Power status. The Federal Republic of Germany was a founding member of the European Economic Community and the European Union, while the German Democratic Republic was a communist Eastern Bloc state and member of the Warsaw Pact. After the fall of the communist led-government in East Germany, German reunification saw the former East German states join the Federal Republic of Germany on 3 October 1990.
Germany has been described as a great power with a strong economy; it has the largest economy in Europe. As a global power in industrial, scientific and technological sectors, it is both the world's third-largest exporter and importer. As a developed country it offers social security, a universal health care system, and tuition-free university education. Germany is a member of the United Nations, Council of Europe, NATO and OECD, and a founding member of the European Union, G7 and G20. It has the third-greatest number of UNESCO World Heritage Sites (54), with the second-most cultural sites (51). Provided by Wikipedia
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341by Lehner,SusanneContributors: “...German Aerospace Center Bremen Germany...”
Published 2015
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344Contributors: “...Hochschule Bremen University of Applied Sciences (GERMANY)...”
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345Contributors: “...Hochschule Bremen University of Applied Sciences (GERMANY)...”
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346by Bader, Thomas, Ratschbacher, Lothar, Franz, Leander, Yang, Zhao, Hofmann, Mandy, Linnemann, Ulf, Yuan, HonglinContributors: “...Ratschbacher, L (reprint author), Tech Univ Bergakad Freiberg, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany....”
Published in Tectonics (2013)
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347by Wiese, C, Lannfelt, L, Kristbjarnarson, H, Yang, L, Zoega, T, Sokoloff, P, Ivarsson, O, Schwartz, J C, Moises, H W, Helgason, TContributors: “...Department of Psychiatry, Kiel University Hospital, Germany....”
Published in Psychiatry Research (2011)
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348Published 1969Contributors: “...DEUTSCHES HYDROGRAPHISCHES INSTITUT HAMBURG (WEST GERMANY)...”
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349by Lehner, SusanneContributors: “...GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER (DLR) BREMEN (GERMANY)...”
Published 2014
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350by Blumröder, Jeanette Silvin, Hoffmann, Monika T., Ilina, Olga, Winter, Susanne, Hobson, Peter R., Ibisch, Pierre L.Contributors: “...WWF Germany...”
Published in Ecological Processes (2020)
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352by Opel, Thomas, Dereviagin, Alexander Yu., Meyer, Hanno, Schirrmeister, Lutz, Wetterich, SebastianContributors: “...NaFöG, State of Berlin, Germany....”
Published in Permafrost and Periglacial Processes (2011)
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353by Chiodo, Gabriel, García Herrera, Ricardo, Calvo Fernández, Natalia, Vaquero Martínez, José M., Añel Cabanelas, Juan Antonio, Barriopedro Cepero, David, Matthes, KatjaContributors: “...Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. Germany...”
Published in Environmental Research Letters (2016)
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354by Yang, Sizhong, Liebner, Susanne, Winkel, Matthias, Alawi, Mashal, Horn, Fabian, Doerfer, Corina, Ollivier, Julien, He, Jin-Sheng, Jin, Huijun, Kuehn, Peter, Schloter, Michael, Scholten, Thomas, Wagner, DirkContributors: “..., Germany....”
Published in Soil Biology and Biochemistry (2017)
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355by Mann, Thomas, Schöne, Tilo, Kench, Paul, Lambeck, Kurt, Ashe, Erica, Kneer, Dominik, Beetham, Eddie, Illigner, Julia, Rovere, Alessio, Marfai, Muh Aris, Westphal, HildegardContributors: “...Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), 28359 Bremen, Germany...”
Published in Geology (2023)
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356by Doerfer, Corina, Kuehn, Peter, Baumann, Frank, He, Jin-Sheng, Scholten, ThomasContributors: “...Dorfer, C (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Dept Geosci Phys Geog & Soil Sci, Tubingen, Germany....”
Published in PLoS ONE (2013)
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357by Westphal, Hildegard, Ries, Justin B., Doo, SteveContributors: “...Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), 28359 Bremen, Germany...”
Published in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (2022)
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359by Kasten,FritzContributors: “...MAIN UNIV (WEST GERMANY) METEOROLOGISCH-GEOPHYSIKALISCHES INSTITUT...”
Published 1962
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360Published 1969Contributors: “...KIEL UNIV (WEST GERMANY) INSTITUT FUER MEERESKUNDE...”
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