Geology
''Geology'' (journal)}}Geology ('' ()|earth||'''' ()|study of, discourse}}) is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Earth sciences, including hydrology. It is integrated with Earth system science and planetary science.
Geology describes the structure of the Earth on and beneath its surface and the processes that have shaped that structure. Geologists study the mineralogical composition of rocks in order to get insight into their history of formation. Geology determines the relative ages of rocks found at a given location; geochemistry (a branch of geology) determines their absolute ages. By combining various petrological, crystallographic, and paleontological tools, geologists are able to chronicle the geological history of the Earth as a whole. One aspect is to demonstrate the age of the Earth. Geology provides evidence for plate tectonics, the evolutionary history of life, and the Earth's past climates.
Geologists broadly study the properties and processes of Earth and other terrestrial planets. Geologists use a wide variety of methods to understand the Earth's structure and evolution, including fieldwork, rock description, geophysical techniques, chemical analysis, physical experiments, and numerical modelling. In practical terms, geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, evaluating water resources, understanding natural hazards, remediating environmental problems, and providing insights into past climate change. Geology is a major academic discipline, and it is central to geological engineering and plays an important role in geotechnical engineering. Provided by Wikipedia
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861by Naish, T., Powell, R., Florindo, F., Harwood, D., Kuhn, G., Niessen, F., Talarico, F., Wilson, G.Contributors: “...Powell, R.; Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, Northern Illinois University...”
Published 2007
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862by de Kock, Michiel, O., Ernst, Richard, E., Söderlund, Ulf, Jourdan, Fred, Le Gall, Bernard, Bertrand, Hervé, Chisonga, Benny, C., Beukes, Nicolas J., Rajesh, H.M., Moseki, L.M., Fuchs, R.Contributors: “...Department of Geology University of Johannesburg...”
Published in Precambrian Research (2014)
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863by de Kock, Michiel, O., Ernst, Richard, E., Söderlund, Ulf, Jourdan, Fred, Le Gall, Bernard, Bertrand, Hervé, Chisonga, Benny, C., Beukes, Nicolas J., Rajesh, H.M., Moseki, L.M., Fuchs, R.Contributors: “...Department of Geology University of Johannesburg...”
Published in Precambrian Research (2014)
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864by de Kock, Michiel, O., Ernst, Richard, E., Söderlund, Ulf, Jourdan, Fred, Le Gall, Bernard, Bertrand, Hervé, Chisonga, Benny, C., Beukes, Nicolas J., Rajesh, H.M., Moseki, L.M., Fuchs, R.Contributors: “...Department of Geology University of Johannesburg...”
Published in Precambrian Research (2014)
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865by de Kock, Michiel, O., Ernst, Richard, E., Söderlund, Ulf, Jourdan, Fred, Le Gall, Bernard, Bertrand, Hervé, Chisonga, Benny, C., Beukes, Nicolas J., Rajesh, H.M., Moseki, L.M., Fuchs, R.Contributors: “...Department of Geology University of Johannesburg...”
Published in Precambrian Research (2014)
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866by de Kock, Michiel, O., Ernst, Richard, E., Söderlund, Ulf, Jourdan, Fred, Le Gall, Bernard, Bertrand, Hervé, Chisonga, Benny, C., Beukes, Nicolas J., Rajesh, H.M., Moseki, L.M., Fuchs, R.Contributors: “...Department of Geology University of Johannesburg...”
Published in Precambrian Research (2014)
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867by Kopczynski, Sarah E., Kelley, Samuel E., Lowell, Thomas V., Evenson, Edward B., Applegate, Patrick J.Contributors: “...Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University...”
Published in Quaternary Science Reviews (2017)
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868Contributors: “...Department of Geology and Geophysics...”
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869
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870by Morales-Fernández, Rafael J.Contributors: “...Department of Geology...”
Published 2017
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871by Clerc, FionaContributors: “...Joint Program in Marine Geology and Geophysics...”
Published 2023
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872by Chopin, Francis, Korja, Annakaisa, Nikkila, Kaisa, Holtta, Pentti, Korja, Toivo, Zaher, Mohamed Abdel, Kurhila, Matti, Eklund, Olav, Ramo, TapaniContributors: “...Division of Geology and Geochemistry...”
Published in Tectonics (2020)
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873Contributors: “...Department of Geology and Geophysics New Haven...”
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874by Watson, Douglas, Schofield, Nick, Jolley, David, Archer, Stuart, Finlay, Alexander J., Mark, Niall, Hardman, Jonathon, Watton, TimothyContributors: “...University of Aberdeen.Geology and Geophysics...”
Published in Journal of the Geological Society (2017)
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875Contributors: “...Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry...”
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876by Lehtonen, MarjaleenaContributors: “...University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology...”
Published 2010
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877by Forsström, Pirjo-LeenaContributors: “...University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology...”
Published 2010
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878by Kosunen, PaulaContributors: “...University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science, Department of Geology...”
Published 2010
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879by Wang, Rujian, Polyak, Leonid, Xiao, Wenshen, Wu, Li, Zhang, Taoliang, Sun, Yechen, Xu, XiaomeiContributors: “...Chinese Special Project of Arctic Ocean Marine Geology Investigation...”
Published in Quaternary Science Reviews (2018)
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880by Liu, R.-Y., Liu, Y.-H., Xu, Z.-H., Hu, H.-Q., Yang, H.-G., Zhang, B.-C., Xu, W.-Y., Chen, G.-X., Wu, J., Zhen, W.-M., Huang, D.-H., Hu, Z.-J., Deng, Z.-X.Contributors: “...Institute of Geology and Geophysics Beijing (IGG)...”
Published 2005
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