Facundo
![The cover of the original version from 1845.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Facundo.jpg)
''Facundo'' describes the life of Juan Facundo Quiroga, a ''caudillo'' who had terrorized provincial Argentina in the 1820s and 1830s. Kathleen Ross, one of ''Facundo'''s English translators, points out that the author also published ''Facundo'' to "denounce the tyranny of the Argentine dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas". Juan Manuel de Rosas ruled Argentina from 1829 to 1832 and again from 1835 to 1852; it was because of Rosas that Sarmiento was in exile in Chile, where he wrote the book. Sarmiento sees Rosas as heir to Facundo: both are ''caudillos'' and representatives of a barbarism that derives from the nature of the Argentine countryside. As Ross explains, Sarmiento's book is therefore engaged in describing the "Argentine national character, explaining the effects of Argentina's geographical conditions on personality, the 'barbaric' nature of the countryside versus the 'civilizing' influence of the city, and the great future awaiting Argentina when it opened its doors wide to European immigration".
Throughout the text, Sarmiento explores the dichotomy between civilization and barbarism. As Kimberly Ball observes, "civilization is identified with northern Europe, North America, cities, Unitarians, Paz, and Rivadavia", while "barbarism is identified with Latin America, Spain, Asia, the Middle East, the countryside, Federalists, Facundo, and Rosas". It is in the way that ''Facundo'' articulates this opposition that Sarmiento's book has had such a profound influence. In the words of González Echevarría: "in proposing the dialectic between civilization and barbarism as the central conflict in Latin American culture ''Facundo'' gave shape to a polemic that began in the colonial period and continues to the present day".
The first edition of ''Facundo'' was published in installments in 1845. Sarmiento removed the last two chapters of the second edition (1851), but restored them in the 1874 edition, deciding that they were important to the book's development.
The first translation into English, by Mary Tyler Peabody Mann, was published in 1868. A modern and complete translation by Kathleen Ross appeared in 2003 from the University of California Press. Provided by Wikipedia
-
21
-
22
-
23
-
24
-
25
-
26by Julián Ernesto Nicolás Gulin, Daniela Marisa Rocco, Facundo García-BournissenGet access
Published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2015)
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
27by la Mesa, Mario, Llompart, Facundo Manuel, Riginella, Emilio, Eastman, Joseph T.Get access
Published in Fish and Fisheries
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
28by Llompart, Facundo M., Fernández, Daniel A., Aureliano, Daniel, La Mesa, MarioGet access
Published in Polar Biology (2020)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
29by Hanaček, Ksenija, Kröger, Markus, Scheidel, Arnim, Rojas, Facundo, Martínez Alier, JoanGet access
Published in Ecological Economics (2022)
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
30
-
31by Hanaček, Ksenija, Kröger, Markus, Scheidel, Arnim, Rojas, Facundo, Martínez-Alier, JoanGet access
Published in Ecological Economics (2021)
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
32by Hanaček, Ksenija, Kröger, Markus, Scheidel, Arnim, Rojas, Facundo, Martinez-Alier, JoanGet access
Published in Ecological Economics (2022)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
33
-
34by De Benedetti, Facundo, Zamaloa, María C., Gandolfo, María A., Cúneo, Néstor R.Get access
Published in Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology (2021)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
35by Hanaček, Ksenija, Kröger, Markus, Scheidel, Arnim, Rojas, Juan Facundo, Martínez Alier, JoanGet access
Published in Ecological Economics
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
36
-
37by Goldenberg, Matías G., Nacif, Marcos E., Oddi, Facundo J., Garibaldi, Lucas A.Get access
Published in Canadian Journal of Forest Research (2021)
Get access
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
38by Morales, Ethel, Plenc, Facundo, Marmisolle, Josefina, Rossello, Eduardo Antonio, Oleaga, Alejandro, Umpiérrez, RodrigoGet access
Published in Tectonophysics
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
39by de Benedetti, Facundo, Zamaloa, María del Carmen, Gandolfo, Maria Alejandra, Cúneo, Néstor RubénGet access
Published in Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
40