BP
BP p.l.c. (formerly The British Petroleum Company p.l.c. and BP Amoco p.l.c.; stylised in all lowercase) is a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in London, England. It is one of the oil and gas "supermajors" and one of the world's largest companies measured by revenues and profits. It is a vertically integrated company operating in all areas of the oil and gas industry, including exploration and extraction, refining, distribution and marketing, power generation, and trading.BP's origins date back to the founding of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company in 1909, established as a subsidiary of Burmah Oil Company to exploit oil discoveries in Iran. In 1935, it became the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and in 1954, adopted the name British Petroleum. BP acquired majority control of Standard Oil of Ohio in 1978. Formerly majority state-owned, the British government privatised the company in stages between 1979 and 1987. BP merged with Amoco in 1998, becoming BP Amoco p.l.c., and acquired ARCO, Burmah Castrol and Aral AG shortly thereafter. The company's name was shortened to BP p.l.c. in 2001.
, BP had operations in nearly 80 countries, produced around of oil equivalent, and had total proven reserves of of oil equivalent. The company has around 18,700 service stations worldwide, which it operates under the BP brand (worldwide) and under the Amoco brand (in the U.S.) and the Aral brand (in Germany). Its largest division is BP America in the United States. BP is the fourth-largest investor-owned oil company in the world by 2021 revenues (after ExxonMobil, Shell, and TotalEnergies). BP had a market capitalisation of US$98.36 billion as of 2022, placing it 122nd in the world, and its Fortune Global 500 rank was 35th in 2022 with revenues of US$164.2 billion. The company's primary stock listing in on the London Stock Exchange, where it is a member of the FTSE 100 Index.
From 1988 to 2015, BP was responsible for 1.53% of global industrial greenhouse gas emissions and has been directly involved in several major environmental and safety incidents. Among them were the 2005 Texas City refinery explosion, which caused the death of 15 workers and which resulted in a record-setting OSHA fine; Britain's largest oil spill, the wreck of ''Torrey Canyon'' in 1967; and the 2006 Prudhoe Bay oil spill, the largest oil spill on Alaska's North Slope, which resulted in a US$25 million civil penalty, the largest per-barrel penalty at that time for an oil spill. BP's worst environmental catastrophe was the 2010 ''Deepwater Horizon'' oil spill, the largest accidental release of oil into marine waters in history, which leaked about of oil, causing severe environmental, human health, and economic consequences and serious legal and public relations repercussions for BP, costing more than $4.5 billion in fines and penalties, and an additional $18.7 billion in Clean Water Act-related penalties and other claims, the largest criminal resolution in US history. Altogether, the oil spill cost the company more than $65 billion.
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501by Bardos, Claude, Golse, François, Markowich, Peter A., Paul, ThierryContributors: “...Université Paris-Diderot, Laboratoire J.-L. Lions, BP187, 4 place Jussieu, Paris Cedex 05, France...”
Published in Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems (2015)
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502
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503Contributors: “...Parc Naturel Régional de la Martinique, BP 437, Domaine de Tivoli, F-97200 Fort-de-France...”
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504Contributors: “... Forêt & Office national de la Chasse et de la Faune sauvage, B.P. 103, , Mamoudzou, Mayotte, FRA...”
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505by THIBAULT, Marc, KAYSER, Yves, TAMISIER, Alain, SADOUL, Nicolas, CHERAIN, Yves, HAFNER, Heinz, JOHNSON, Alan, ISENMANN, PaulContributors: “...CNRS UPR 9056, C.E.F.E., B.P. 5051, F-34293 Montpellier, FRA...”
Published 1997
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506Contributors: “...Délégation à la Recherche, Gouvernement de la Polynésie française, B.P. 20981 Papeete, Tahiti...”
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507Contributors: “...IFREMER, Laboratoire Environnement et Ressources Finistère-Bretagne nord, BP 46, 35402 Saint-Malo...”
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508Contributors: “...GREC, 741, chemin des Moyennes Bréguières, Aurelia 13, BP 715, 06600 Antibes, FRA...”
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509by Harvey B. P., Al-Janabi B., Broszeit S., Cioffi R., Kumar A., Aranguren-Gassis M., Bailey A., Green L., Gsottbauer C. M., Hall E. F., Lechler M., Mancuso F. P., Pereira C. O., Ricevuto E., Schram J. B., Stapp L. S., Stenberg S., Santa Rosa L. T.Contributors: “...Harvey B.P....”
Published in Water (2014)
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510by Budillon, F., Lirer, F., Iorio, M., Macrì, P., Sagnotti, L., Vallefuoco, M., Ferraro, L., Garziglia, S., Innangi, S., Sahabi, M., Tonielli, R.Contributors: “...Garziglia, S.; Géosciences-Azur, CNRS, BP 48, Fr-06235, Villefranche sur Mer, France...”
Published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (2009)
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511by Braschi, Julie, Ponel, Philippe, Krebs, Élise, Jourdan, Hervé, Passetti, Aurélie, Barcelo, Alain, Berville, Laurence, Le Quilliec, Patricia, Lorvelec, Olivier, Matocq, Armand, Meunier, Jean-Yves, Oger, Pierre, Séchet, Emmanuel, Vidal, ÉricContributors: “...-Méditerranée, Bât. Villemin, BP 80. F-13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 04, France...”
Published 2015
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512by Bornet, DamienContributors: “...Restauration des Terrains en Montagne (RTM) Alpes-Maritimes, 62 route de Grenoble, BP 3260, 06205...”
Published 2014
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513Contributors: “...-Benoist, BP 20, 78617 Le Perray-en-Yvelines, FRA...”
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514by Bornet, DamienContributors: “...Restauration des Terrains en Montagne (RTM) Alpes-Maritimes, 62 route de Grenoble, BP 3260, 06205...”
Published 2014
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515by Bornet, DamienContributors: “...Restauration des Terrains en Montagne (RTM) Alpes-Maritimes, 62 route de Grenoble, BP 3260, 06205...”
Published 2014
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516Contributors: “... Magdalénien de la façade atlantique au Tardiglaciaire (18-14 kyr cal BP)(2011)...”
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517Contributors: “... Magdalénien de la façade atlantique au Tardiglaciaire (18-14 kyr cal BP)(2011)...”
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518Contributors: “... Magdalénien de la façade atlantique au Tardiglaciaire (18-14 kyr cal BP)(2011)...”
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519by Suz, Laura M., Arraiano‐Castilho, Ricardo, Brunner, Ivano, Bidartondo, Martin I., Mrak, Tanja, Frey, Beat, Niskanen, Tuula, Zimmermann, Stephan, Clarkson, James J., Senn‐Irlet, Beatrice, Peintner, UrsulaContributors: “...","funder_position":"1","funder_ror":"https://ror.org/059bp8k51","funder_award": "Programme P4‐0107" },{"funder_name...”
Published in New Phytologist (2020)
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520by Krebs, Élise, Abba, Alain, Gillet, Pascal, Eudeline, Rémy, Gauthier, Joël, Le Quilliec, Patricia, Lorvelec, Olivier, Martinerie, Gabriel, Vidal, Éric, Buisson, ÉliseContributors: “...Parc National de Port-Cros (PNPC), allée du castel Ste-Claire, BP70220. F-83406 Hyères cedex...”
Published 2015
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