Subspecies and Distribution.. lupus Linnaeus, 1758 — Asia, Europe. ON SSNS. albus Kerr, 1792 — N Russia. 0. arctos Pocock, 1935 — Canadian High Arctic. SS O 0. baileyi Nelson & Goldman, 1929 — Mexico, SW USA (extinct in the wild). OO. communis Dwigubski, 1804 — C Russia. SNS 0. cubanensis Ognev, 1923 — E-C Asia. SN O. dingo Meyer, 1793 — SE Asia and Australasia. 0 NN OOOO. lycaon Schreber, 1775 — SE Canada, NE USA. SNS. nubilus Say, 1823 — E-C Canada and C USA.. occidentalis Richardson, 1829 — Alaska, NW Canada. ~ = C. I. pallipes Sykes, 1831 — Middle East and SW Asia to India. in Canidae
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Subspecies and Distribution.. lupus Linnaeus, 1758 — Asia, Europe. ON SSNS. albus Kerr, 1792 — N Russia. 0. arctos Pocock, 1935 — Canadian High Arctic. SS O 0. baileyi Nelson & Goldman, 1929 — Mexico, SW USA (extinct in the wild). OO. communis Dwigubski, 1804 — C Russia. SNS 0. cubanensis Ognev, 1923 — E-C Asia. SN O. dingo Meyer, 1793 — SE Asia and Australasia. 0 NN OOOO. lycaon Schreber, 1775 — SE Canada, NE USA. SNS. nubilus Say, 1823 — E-C Canada and C USA.. occidentalis Richardson, 1829 — Alaska, NW Canada. ~ = C. I. pallipes Sykes, 1831 — Middle East and SW Asia to India. in Canidae
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Subspecies and Distribution. C.l.lupus Linnaeus, 1758 — Asia, Europe. C. l. albus Kerr, 1792 — N Russia. C. l. arctos Pocock, 1935 — Canadian High Arctic. C. l. baileyi Nelson & Goldman, 1929 — Mexico, SW USA (extinct in the wild). C. l. communis Dwigubski, 1804 — C Russia. C. l. cubanensis Ognev, 1923 — E-C Asia. C. l. dingo Meyer, 1793 — SE Asia and Australasia. C. l. lycaon Schreber, 1775 — SE Canada, NE USA. C. l. nubilus Say, 1823 — E-C Canada and C USA. C. l. occidentalis Richardson, 1829 — Alaska, NW Canada. C. l. pallipes Sykes, 1831 — Middle East and SW Asia to India. in Canidae
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Subspecies and Distribution. C.l.lupus Linnaeus, 1758 — Asia, Europe. C. l. albus Kerr, 1792 — N Russia. C. l. arctos Pocock, 1935 — Canadian High Arctic. C. l. baileyi Nelson & Goldman, 1929 — Mexico, SW USA (extinct in the wild). C. l. communis Dwigubski, 1804 — C Russia. C. l. cubanensis Ognev, 1923 — E-C Asia. C. l. dingo Meyer, 1793 — SE Asia and Australasia. C. l. lycaon Schreber, 1775 — SE Canada, NE USA. C. l. nubilus Say, 1823 — E-C Canada and C USA. C. l. occidentalis Richardson, 1829 — Alaska, NW Canada. C. l. pallipes Sykes, 1831 — Middle East and SW Asia to India. in Canidae
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Subspecies and Distribution. U. a. arctos Linnaeus, 1758 — Europe and W Russia. U. a. alascensis Merriam, 1896 — most of Alaska (excluding Alaska Peninsula, SE panhandle & Kodiak Island group). U. a. beringianus Middendorff, 1853 — NE Russia (Kamchatka Peninsula & N Kuril Islands northward through the Koryak Autonomous District, and along W coast of the Sea of Okhotsk). U. a. collaris Cuvier, 1824 — Russia (Siberia, from E of the Yenisey River to the Bering Sea, but excluding Kamchatka and more southern parts of the Russian Far East), N Mongolia. U. a. dalli Merriam, 1896 — SE Alaska (N of Alexander Archipelago). U. a. gyas Merriam, 1902 — Alaska peninsula. U. a. horribilis Ord, 1815 —W Canada (Yukon, North-West Territories, British Columbia & Alberta), inland W USA (extirpated from S Wyoming to Mexico). U. a. isabellinus Horsfield, 1826 — N India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, N to Kazakhstan and Mongolia (Gobi Desert). U. a...
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Subspecies and Distribution. U. a. arctos Linnaeus, 1758 — Europe and W Russia. U. a. alascensis Merriam, 1896 — most of Alaska (excluding Alaska Peninsula, SE panhandle & Kodiak Island group). U. a. beringianus Middendorff, 1853 — NE Russia (Kamchatka Peninsula & N Kuril Islands northward through the Koryak Autonomous District, and along W coast of the Sea of Okhotsk). U. a. collaris Cuvier, 1824 — Russia (Siberia, from E of the Yenisey River to the Bering Sea, but excluding Kamchatka and more southern parts of the Russian Far East), N Mongolia. U. a. dalli Merriam, 1896 — SE Alaska (N of Alexander Archipelago). U. a. gyas Merriam, 1902 — Alaska peninsula. U. a. horribilis Ord, 1815 —W Canada (Yukon, North-West Territories, British Columbia & Alberta), inland W USA (extirpated from S Wyoming to Mexico). U. a. isabellinus Horsfield, 1826 — N India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, N to Kazakhstan and Mongolia (Gobi Desert). U. a...
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Subspecies and Distribution. M. e. erminea Linnaeus, 1758 — Finland, Norway, NW Russia, and Sweden. M. e. aestiva Kerr, 1792 — most of mainland N & C Europe to C Asia in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. M. e. alascensis Merriam, 1896 — S Alaska. M. e. anguinae Hall, 1932 — SW Canada (Vancouver I, British Columbia). M. e. arctica Merriam, 1896 — Alaska and NW Canada. M. e. bangsi Hall, 1945 — C Canada and NC USA. M. e. celenda Hall, 1944 — Alaska (Prince of Wales I). M.e. cicognanii Bonaparte, 1838 — SE Canada and NE USA. M. e. fallenda Hall, 1945 — W Canada (British Columbia) and NW USA (N Washington). M. e. ferghanae Thomas, 1895 — Afghanistan, N India, and Pakistan. M.e. gulosa Hall, 1945 — NW USA (E...
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Subspecies and Distribution. M. e. erminea Linnaeus, 1758 — Finland, Norway, NW Russia, and Sweden. M. e. aestiva Kerr, 1792 — most of mainland N & C Europe to C Asia in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. M. e. alascensis Merriam, 1896 — S Alaska. M. e. anguinae Hall, 1932 — SW Canada (Vancouver I, British Columbia). M. e. arctica Merriam, 1896 — Alaska and NW Canada. M. e. bangsi Hall, 1945 — C Canada and NC USA. M. e. celenda Hall, 1944 — Alaska (Prince of Wales I). M.e. cicognanii Bonaparte, 1838 — SE Canada and NE USA. M. e. fallenda Hall, 1945 — W Canada (British Columbia) and NW USA (N Washington). M. e. ferghanae Thomas, 1895 — Afghanistan, N India, and Pakistan. M.e. gulosa Hall, 1945 — NW USA (E...
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Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V. v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak...
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Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V. v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak...
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Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V_ v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak...
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Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey. V. v. macroura Baird, 1852 — USA (Mountain States). V. v. montana Pearson, 1836 — Himalayas form China (Yunnan) to C Pakistan. V. v. mecator Merriam, 1900 — SW USA (California & Nevada). V_ v. ochroxantha Ognev, 1926 — E Russian Turkestan, Aksai, Kirgizstan, Semirechie. V. v. palaestina Thomas, 1920 —Jordan and Lebanon. V.v. peculiosa Kishida, 1924 — Korea. V. v. pusilla Blyth, 1854 — NW India to Irak...
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