Subspecies and Distribution. M. a. americana Turton, 1806 — E Canada (Ontario & Quebec) anf NE USA. M. a. abietinoides Gray, 1865 — SW Canada (C British Columbia & SW Alberta) and NW USA (N Montana & Idaho). M. a. actuosa Osgood, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (N Alberta, N British Catan, Northwest Territories & Yukon). M. a. atrata Bangs, 1897 — NE Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador). M. a. caurina Merriam, 1890 — W Canada (W British Columbia) and USA (S Alaska & W Washington). M. a. humboldtensis Grinnell & Dixon, 1926 — SW USA (NW California). M. a. kenaiensis Elliot, 1903 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). M. a...
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Subspecies and Distribution. M. a. americana Turton, 1806 — E Canada (Ontario & Quebec) anf NE USA. M. a. abietinoides Gray, 1865 — SW Canada (C British Columbia & SW Alberta) and NW USA (N Montana & Idaho). M. a. actuosa Osgood, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (N Alberta, N British Catan, Northwest Territories & Yukon). M. a. atrata Bangs, 1897 — NE Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador). M. a. caurina Merriam, 1890 — W Canada (W British Columbia) and USA (S Alaska & W Washington). M. a. humboldtensis Grinnell & Dixon, 1926 — SW USA (NW California). M. a. kenaiensis Elliot, 1903 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). M. a...
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Subspecies and Distribution. U. a. americanus Pallas, 1780 — Alaska to E Canada and E USA. U. a. altifrontalis Elliot, 1903 — Pacific coast USA and Canada (S British Columbia). U. a. amblyceps Baird, 1859 — SW USA. U. a. californiensisJ. Miller, 1900 — SW USA (interior California). U. a. carlottae Osgood, 1901 — W Canada (Queen Charlotte Is). U. a. cinnamomum Audubon & Bachman, 1854 — Rocky Mts of Canada and USA. U. a. emmonsu Dall, 1895 — SE Alaska. U. a. eremicus Merriam, 1904 — E Mexico. U. a. floridanus Merriam, 1896 — SE USA (Florida). U. a. hamilton: Cameron, 1957 — E Canada (Newfoundland). U. a. kermodei Hornaday, 1905 — W Canada (coastal British Columbia). U. a. luteolus Griffith, 1821 — S USA (Louisiana). U. a. machetes Elliot, 1903 — W Mexico. U. a. pernigerJ. A. Allen, 1910 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). U...
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Subspecies and Distribution. U. a. americanus Pallas, 1780 — Alaska to E Canada and E USA. U. a. altifrontalis Elliot, 1903 — Pacific coast USA and Canada (S British Columbia). U. a. amblyceps Baird, 1859 — SW USA. U. a. californiensisJ. Miller, 1900 — SW USA (interior California). U. a. carlottae Osgood, 1901 — W Canada (Queen Charlotte Is). U. a. cinnamomum Audubon & Bachman, 1854 — Rocky Mts of Canada and USA. U. a. emmonsu Dall, 1895 — SE Alaska. U. a. eremicus Merriam, 1904 — E Mexico. U. a. floridanus Merriam, 1896 — SE USA (Florida). U. a. hamilton: Cameron, 1957 — E Canada (Newfoundland). U. a. kermodei Hornaday, 1905 — W Canada (coastal British Columbia). U. a. luteolus Griffith, 1821 — S USA (Louisiana). U. a. machetes Elliot, 1903 — W Mexico. U. a. pernigerJ. A. Allen, 1910 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). U...
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Subspecies and Distribution. N. v. vison Schreber, 1776 — E Canada and NE USA (Allegheny Mts). N. v. aestuarina Grinnell, 1916 — SW USA (California & W Nevada). N. v. aniakensis Burns, 1964 — W Alaska. N. v. energumenos Bangs, 1896 — W Canada and NW USA. N. v. evagor Hall, 1932 — SW Canada (Vancouver I). N. v. evergladensis Hamilton, 1948 — SE USA (SW Florida). N. v. ingens Osgood, 1900 — most of Alaska and NW Canada (N Mackenzie & Yukon). N. v. lacustris Preble, 1902 — C Canada (Keewatin Region, Manitoba & Ontario). N. v. letifera Hollister, 1913 — Great Plains of USA. N. v. low Anderson, 1945 — E Canada (Labrador & Quebec). N. v. lutensis Bangs, 1898 — USA (S Carolina to Florida). N. v. melampeplus Elliot, 1903 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). N. v. mink Peale & Palisot de Beauvois, 1796 — SE USA. N. v. nesolestes Heller, 1909...
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Subspecies and Distribution. N. v. vison Schreber, 1776 — E Canada and NE USA (Allegheny Mts). N. v. aestuarina Grinnell, 1916 — SW USA (California & W Nevada). N. v. aniakensis Burns, 1964 — W Alaska. N. v. energumenos Bangs, 1896 — W Canada and NW USA. N. v. evagor Hall, 1932 — SW Canada (Vancouver I). N. v. evergladensis Hamilton, 1948 — SE USA (SW Florida). N. v. ingens Osgood, 1900 — most of Alaska and NW Canada (N Mackenzie & Yukon). N. v. lacustris Preble, 1902 — C Canada (Keewatin Region, Manitoba & Ontario). N. v. letifera Hollister, 1913 — Great Plains of USA. N. v. low Anderson, 1945 — E Canada (Labrador & Quebec). N. v. lutensis Bangs, 1898 — USA (S Carolina to Florida). N. v. melampeplus Elliot, 1903 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). N. v. mink Peale & Palisot de Beauvois, 1796 — SE USA. N. v. nesolestes Heller, 1909...
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey...
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey...
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey...
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Subspecies and Distribution. V. v. vulpes Linnaeus, 1758 — N Europe (Scandinavia). V. v. abietorum Merriam, 1900 — SW Canada (Alberta & British Columbia). V. v. aegyptiacus Sonnini, 1816 — Egypt, Israel, and Lybia. V. v. alascensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska and NW Canada (NW Territories & Yukon). V. v. alpheraky: Satunin, 1906 — Kazakhstan. V. v. anatolica Thomas, 1920 — Turkey. V. v. arabica Thomas, 1902 — Arabian peninsula. V. v. atlantica Wagner, 1841 — Algeria (forested Atlas Mts). V. v. bangsi Merriam, 1900 — NE Canada (Labrador). V. v. barbara Shaw, 1800 — NW Africa (Barbary Coast). V. v. beringiana Middendorff, 1875 — NE Siberia (shore of Bering Strait). V. v. cascadensis Merriam, 1900 — NW USA (Cascade Mountains, Oregon & Washington). V. v. caucasica Dinnik, 1914 — SW Russia (Caucasus). V. v. crucigera Bechstein, 1789 — Europe through N & C Russia. V. v. daurica Ognev, 1931 — E Russia (Amur, Siberia & Transbaikalia). V.v. deletrix Bangs, 1898 — NE Canada (Newfoundland). V. v. dolichocrania Ognev, 1926 — SE Siberia (S Ussuri). V. v. flavescens Gray, 1843 — N Iran. V. v. fulva Desmarest, 1820 — E USA. V. v. griffith: Blyth, 1854 — Afghanistan and N Pakistan. V.v. harrimani Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kodiak I). V. v. hoole Swinhoe, 1870 — S China (Fujian to Sichuan). V. v. ichnusae G. S. Miller, 1907 — Corsica and Sardinia. V. v. induta G. S. Miller, 1907 — Cyprus. V. v. jakutensis Ognev, 1923 — E Siberia (S of Yakutsk). V. v. japonica Gray, 1868 — Japan. V. v. karagan Erxleben, 1777 — Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan. V. v. kenaiensis Merriam, 1900 — Alaska (Kenai Peninsula). V. v. kurdistanica Satunin, 1906 — Armenia and NE Turkey...
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access