The marine carbonate system variability in high meltwater season (Spitsbergen Fjords, Svalbard)
The spatial variability in hydrography (salinity and temperature) and carbonate chemistry (alkalinity - AT, total inorganic carbon concentration - CT, pH, CO2 partial pressure - pCO2, and the saturation state of aragonite - ΩAr) in high meltwater season (summer) was investigated in four Spitsbergen...
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2023
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Online Access: | https://zenodo.org/record/7981343 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.102977 |
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ftzenodo:oai:zenodo.org:7981343 2023-06-11T04:12:29+02:00 The marine carbonate system variability in high meltwater season (Spitsbergen Fjords, Svalbard) Katarzyna Koziorowska-Makuch Beata Szymczycha Helmuth Thomas Karol Kuliński 2023-01-27 https://zenodo.org/record/7981343 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.102977 eng eng https://zenodo.org/record/7981343 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.102977 oai:zenodo.org:7981343 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Alkalinity Saturation state of aragonite pH pCO2 Ocean acidification info:eu-repo/semantics/article publication-article 2023 ftzenodo https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.102977 2023-05-30T23:05:31Z The spatial variability in hydrography (salinity and temperature) and carbonate chemistry (alkalinity - AT, total inorganic carbon concentration - CT, pH, CO2 partial pressure - pCO2, and the saturation state of aragonite - ΩAr) in high meltwater season (summer) was investigated in four Spitsbergen fjords - Krossfjorden, Kongsfjorden, Isfjorden, and Hornsund. It was found that the differences in hydrology entail spatial changes in the CO2 system structure. AT decline with decreasing salinity was evident, hence it is clear that freshwater input generally has a diluting effect and lowers AT in the surface waters of the Spitsbergen fjords. Significant surface water AT variability (1889–2261 μmol kg???? 1) reveals the complexity of the fjords’ systems with multiple freshwater sources having different alkalinity end-member characteristics and identifies the mean AT freshwater end-member of 595 ± 84 μmol kg???? 1 for the entire region. The effect of AT fluxes from sediments on the bottom water was rather insignificant, despite high AT values (2288–2666 μmol kg???? 1) observed in the pore waters. Low pCO2 results in surface water (200–295 μatm) points to intensive biological production, which can strongly affect the CT values, however, is less important for shaping alkalinity. It has also been shown that the freshening of the surface water in the fjords reduces significantly ΩAr (an increase in freshwater fraction contribution by 1% causes a decrease in ΩAr by 0.022). Although during the polar day, due to low pCO2, ΩAr values are still rather far from 1 (they ranged from 1.4 to 2.5), during polar night, when pCO2 values are much higher, ΩAr may drop markedly. This study highlights that the use of salinity to estimate the potential alkalinity can carry a high uncertainty, while good recognition of the surface water AT variability and its freshwater end-members is key to predict marine CO2 system changes along with the ongoing freshening of fjords waters due to climate warming. Article in Journal/Newspaper Hornsund Isfjord* Isfjord* Isfjorden Isfjorden Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden Krossfjord* Ocean acidification polar night Svalbard Spitsbergen Zenodo Svalbard Hornsund ENVELOPE(15.865,15.865,76.979,76.979) Krossfjorden ENVELOPE(11.742,11.742,79.141,79.141) Progress in Oceanography 211 102977 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Zenodo |
op_collection_id |
ftzenodo |
language |
English |
topic |
Alkalinity Saturation state of aragonite pH pCO2 Ocean acidification |
spellingShingle |
Alkalinity Saturation state of aragonite pH pCO2 Ocean acidification Katarzyna Koziorowska-Makuch Beata Szymczycha Helmuth Thomas Karol Kuliński The marine carbonate system variability in high meltwater season (Spitsbergen Fjords, Svalbard) |
topic_facet |
Alkalinity Saturation state of aragonite pH pCO2 Ocean acidification |
description |
The spatial variability in hydrography (salinity and temperature) and carbonate chemistry (alkalinity - AT, total inorganic carbon concentration - CT, pH, CO2 partial pressure - pCO2, and the saturation state of aragonite - ΩAr) in high meltwater season (summer) was investigated in four Spitsbergen fjords - Krossfjorden, Kongsfjorden, Isfjorden, and Hornsund. It was found that the differences in hydrology entail spatial changes in the CO2 system structure. AT decline with decreasing salinity was evident, hence it is clear that freshwater input generally has a diluting effect and lowers AT in the surface waters of the Spitsbergen fjords. Significant surface water AT variability (1889–2261 μmol kg???? 1) reveals the complexity of the fjords’ systems with multiple freshwater sources having different alkalinity end-member characteristics and identifies the mean AT freshwater end-member of 595 ± 84 μmol kg???? 1 for the entire region. The effect of AT fluxes from sediments on the bottom water was rather insignificant, despite high AT values (2288–2666 μmol kg???? 1) observed in the pore waters. Low pCO2 results in surface water (200–295 μatm) points to intensive biological production, which can strongly affect the CT values, however, is less important for shaping alkalinity. It has also been shown that the freshening of the surface water in the fjords reduces significantly ΩAr (an increase in freshwater fraction contribution by 1% causes a decrease in ΩAr by 0.022). Although during the polar day, due to low pCO2, ΩAr values are still rather far from 1 (they ranged from 1.4 to 2.5), during polar night, when pCO2 values are much higher, ΩAr may drop markedly. This study highlights that the use of salinity to estimate the potential alkalinity can carry a high uncertainty, while good recognition of the surface water AT variability and its freshwater end-members is key to predict marine CO2 system changes along with the ongoing freshening of fjords waters due to climate warming. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Katarzyna Koziorowska-Makuch Beata Szymczycha Helmuth Thomas Karol Kuliński |
author_facet |
Katarzyna Koziorowska-Makuch Beata Szymczycha Helmuth Thomas Karol Kuliński |
author_sort |
Katarzyna Koziorowska-Makuch |
title |
The marine carbonate system variability in high meltwater season (Spitsbergen Fjords, Svalbard) |
title_short |
The marine carbonate system variability in high meltwater season (Spitsbergen Fjords, Svalbard) |
title_full |
The marine carbonate system variability in high meltwater season (Spitsbergen Fjords, Svalbard) |
title_fullStr |
The marine carbonate system variability in high meltwater season (Spitsbergen Fjords, Svalbard) |
title_full_unstemmed |
The marine carbonate system variability in high meltwater season (Spitsbergen Fjords, Svalbard) |
title_sort |
marine carbonate system variability in high meltwater season (spitsbergen fjords, svalbard) |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://zenodo.org/record/7981343 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.102977 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(15.865,15.865,76.979,76.979) ENVELOPE(11.742,11.742,79.141,79.141) |
geographic |
Svalbard Hornsund Krossfjorden |
geographic_facet |
Svalbard Hornsund Krossfjorden |
genre |
Hornsund Isfjord* Isfjord* Isfjorden Isfjorden Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden Krossfjord* Ocean acidification polar night Svalbard Spitsbergen |
genre_facet |
Hornsund Isfjord* Isfjord* Isfjorden Isfjorden Kongsfjord* Kongsfjorden Krossfjord* Ocean acidification polar night Svalbard Spitsbergen |
op_relation |
https://zenodo.org/record/7981343 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.102977 oai:zenodo.org:7981343 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2023.102977 |
container_title |
Progress in Oceanography |
container_volume |
211 |
container_start_page |
102977 |
_version_ |
1768388361628680192 |