Morphology and reconstruction of the retiolitines: Silurian graptolites of the Paraplectograptus lineage (Graptolithina)
The long ranging Silurian retiolitines belonging to the Paraplectograptus lineage ( Spirograptus turriculatus to Cyrtograptus/lundgreni Biozone), represented by the genera Paraplectograptus Bouček& Münch, 1952 and Pseudoplectograptus Obut & Zaslavskaya, 1983 are described in detail based on...
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Language: | English |
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a4 |
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ftzenodo:oai:zenodo.org:7612004 2024-09-09T19:26:00+00:00 Morphology and reconstruction of the retiolitines: Silurian graptolites of the Paraplectograptus lineage (Graptolithina) Denis E. B. BATES Nancy H. KIRK† Anna KOZŁOWSKA 2023-02-06 https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a4 eng eng Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a4 oai:zenodo.org:7612004 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Comptes Rendus Palevol, 22(4), 45-57, (2023-02-06) Graptolithina Retiolitinae Paraplectograptus Silurian tubarium (rhabdosome) morphology reconstruction info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2023 ftzenodo https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a4 2024-07-27T01:52:07Z The long ranging Silurian retiolitines belonging to the Paraplectograptus lineage ( Spirograptus turriculatus to Cyrtograptus/lundgreni Biozone), represented by the genera Paraplectograptus Bouček& Münch, 1952 and Pseudoplectograptus Obut & Zaslavskaya, 1983 are described in detail based on well preserved, three-dimensional material from the Canadian Arctic and Poland. For the first time, reconstructions of their structure are attempted, and comparisons are made with the related genera , Stomatograptus Tullberg, 1883 and Retiolites Barrande, 1850. Ultrastructural details vary somewhat between the genera: the bandaging on the Paraplectograptus lineage and Pseudoplectograptus has a characteristic pustulose ornament, while that of Retiolites and Stomatograptus shows a surface of longitudinal striations. Prosicular preservation is generally incomplete, represented merely by the prosicular apex and prosicular rim. The thecal part of the Paraplectograptus and Pseudoplectograptus tubaria (rhabdosomes) possesses transverse rods, connecting rods, lateral apertural rods and lips. The ancora sleeve lists are variably developed but lack a dorsal/zigzag list, which is present in Stomatograptus and Retiolites . The Paraplectograptus lineage appears to mark an intermediate stage in the evolution of the retiolitines, from the early Silurian forms, with strong thecal and ancora sleeve frameworks (e.g. Retiolites , Stomatograptus ) , to late Silurian descendants with strong ancora sleeves, minimal thecal frameworks and pustular ornament, with no transverse rods. Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Zenodo Arctic Comptes Rendus Palevol 4 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Zenodo |
op_collection_id |
ftzenodo |
language |
English |
topic |
Graptolithina Retiolitinae Paraplectograptus Silurian tubarium (rhabdosome) morphology reconstruction |
spellingShingle |
Graptolithina Retiolitinae Paraplectograptus Silurian tubarium (rhabdosome) morphology reconstruction Denis E. B. BATES Nancy H. KIRK† Anna KOZŁOWSKA Morphology and reconstruction of the retiolitines: Silurian graptolites of the Paraplectograptus lineage (Graptolithina) |
topic_facet |
Graptolithina Retiolitinae Paraplectograptus Silurian tubarium (rhabdosome) morphology reconstruction |
description |
The long ranging Silurian retiolitines belonging to the Paraplectograptus lineage ( Spirograptus turriculatus to Cyrtograptus/lundgreni Biozone), represented by the genera Paraplectograptus Bouček& Münch, 1952 and Pseudoplectograptus Obut & Zaslavskaya, 1983 are described in detail based on well preserved, three-dimensional material from the Canadian Arctic and Poland. For the first time, reconstructions of their structure are attempted, and comparisons are made with the related genera , Stomatograptus Tullberg, 1883 and Retiolites Barrande, 1850. Ultrastructural details vary somewhat between the genera: the bandaging on the Paraplectograptus lineage and Pseudoplectograptus has a characteristic pustulose ornament, while that of Retiolites and Stomatograptus shows a surface of longitudinal striations. Prosicular preservation is generally incomplete, represented merely by the prosicular apex and prosicular rim. The thecal part of the Paraplectograptus and Pseudoplectograptus tubaria (rhabdosomes) possesses transverse rods, connecting rods, lateral apertural rods and lips. The ancora sleeve lists are variably developed but lack a dorsal/zigzag list, which is present in Stomatograptus and Retiolites . The Paraplectograptus lineage appears to mark an intermediate stage in the evolution of the retiolitines, from the early Silurian forms, with strong thecal and ancora sleeve frameworks (e.g. Retiolites , Stomatograptus ) , to late Silurian descendants with strong ancora sleeves, minimal thecal frameworks and pustular ornament, with no transverse rods. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Denis E. B. BATES Nancy H. KIRK† Anna KOZŁOWSKA |
author_facet |
Denis E. B. BATES Nancy H. KIRK† Anna KOZŁOWSKA |
author_sort |
Denis E. B. BATES |
title |
Morphology and reconstruction of the retiolitines: Silurian graptolites of the Paraplectograptus lineage (Graptolithina) |
title_short |
Morphology and reconstruction of the retiolitines: Silurian graptolites of the Paraplectograptus lineage (Graptolithina) |
title_full |
Morphology and reconstruction of the retiolitines: Silurian graptolites of the Paraplectograptus lineage (Graptolithina) |
title_fullStr |
Morphology and reconstruction of the retiolitines: Silurian graptolites of the Paraplectograptus lineage (Graptolithina) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Morphology and reconstruction of the retiolitines: Silurian graptolites of the Paraplectograptus lineage (Graptolithina) |
title_sort |
morphology and reconstruction of the retiolitines: silurian graptolites of the paraplectograptus lineage (graptolithina) |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2023 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a4 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_source |
Comptes Rendus Palevol, 22(4), 45-57, (2023-02-06) |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a4 oai:zenodo.org:7612004 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2023v22a4 |
container_title |
Comptes Rendus Palevol |
container_issue |
4 |
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1809895715453796352 |