Raphidioptera Linnaeus 1758

• Main Authors: Makarkin, Vladimir N., Perkovsky, Evgeny E., Anisyutkin, Leonid N., Dubovikoff, Dmitry A.
• Format: Other/Unknown Material
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2022
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Arthropoda; Insecta; Raphidioptera; Sakhalin
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7438999; http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487CED60AFFB61DE0F96CFD24FE42

Raphidioptera fam. gen. sp. indet. A Figs. 1, 2 Material examined. Specimen PIN 3387 /175, deposited in the Paleontological Institute, Moscow, Russia. An empty exoskeleton of a partly destroyed larva; only its head, prothorax, and one foreleg are preserved. Syninclusions include the head of a first instar cockroach larva, other crumpled insect fragments, and numerous fungal hyphae. Locality and horizon. Russia: Sakhalin Island: Dolinsk District: the village of Starodubskoye; Sakhalinian amber, middle Eocene (Baranov et al . 2015). Description. Head blackish, not narrowed posteriorly, short, ca . 2 mm long including mandibles, 1.4 mm wide ( ca . 1.43 as long as wide). Ecdysial cleavage lines distinct, consisting of frontal and coronal sutures; frontal sutures diverge at obtuse angle. Antennal socket located at swollen, rounded projection (= antennal tubercle of MacLeod 1964). Antenna short; first and third antennomeres elongate, narrow; second antennomere not clearly discernible, probably very short; fourth antennomere poorly discernible, probably much shorter than third antennomere. Stemmata poorly discernible, three detected in dorsal view, one or two in ventral view. Mandibles not protruding, close to head capsule. Palpi not discernible. Pronotum destroyed, blackish, apparently short, 1.45 mm wide, ca . 1.7 mm as preserved. Foreleg crumpled. Coxa, trochanter not clearly discernible. Femur short, stout, covered with scarce setae. Tibia appears narrow, covered with relatively dense setae. Tarsus rather stout, clearly not conical, covered with relatively dense setae. Claw slightly curved, with basal dilation (Fig. 2C). Remarks. Its one-segmented tarsus indicates that this insect fragment is a larva, certainly belonging to Raphidioptera. The micro-CT shows that it is probably represented by an empty exoskeleton lacking internal tissues and air bubbles. The larva somewhat resembles those of some Hydrophilidae and Gyrinidae (Coleoptera) ( e.g ., Michat et al . 2010; Minoshima & Hayashi 2012), but differs from ...