Vespula germanica

• Main Authors: Carpenter, James M., Brown, Graham R.
• Format: Other/Unknown Material
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2022
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Arthropoda; Insecta; Hymenoptera; Vespidae; Vespula; Vespula germanica; Canada; New Zealand; Argentina; Crawford; Torre; Holloway; Chadwick; Martyn; Smithers; Menke; Iceland
• Online Access: https://zenodo.org/record/7405556; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7405556

germanica (Fabricius) ? Vespa maculata Scopoli, 1763: 312 - [Slovenia] “Carnioliae” (destroyed?). Junior primary homonym of Vespa maculata Linnaeus, 1763. ? Vespa macularis Olivier, 1792: 695 (lost). Unjustified emendation of Vespa maculata Scopoli. Vespa Germanica Fabricius, 1793: 256 - [Germany] “Kiliae” (type depository unknown). - Lepeletier, 1836: 515 (redescription). - de Saussure, 1854: 116. - Dalla Torre, 1894: 146 (cat.); 1904: 65 (cat.). - du Buysson, 1905 [1904]: 609 (redescription; Europe; Asia; Africa; New Caledonia; U. S. A.; Canada). - Zimsen, 1964: 400 (list). Vespula germanica; Bequaert, 1930: 67 (in subgenus Vespula). - Anon., 1959: 35 (Tas.). - Thomas, 1960: 1–74 (biology in New Zealand). - Anon, 1960: 114–115 (Tas); 1961a: 36 (Tas.); 1961b: 341 (Tas.). - Chadwick & Nikitin, 1969: 37–56 (intercepted from New Zealand). - Guiglia, 1972: 98 (key), 107 (in subgenus Paravespula; ethology), Figs XXX 4, XXXV-XXXVII, pl. III. - Martyn et al., 1972: 15. - Menke & Snelling, 1975: 193–200 (introduced U. S. A.). - Whitehead & Prins, 1975:39–42 (introduced South Africa). - Anon., 1977: 106–108 (W. A.). - Smithers and Holloway, 1977: 75-76 (N. S. W.); 1978: 55-59 (N. S. W.). - Richards, 1978: 4 (key; Tas., W. A.). - Erlandsson, 1978: 201– 230 (introduced Ascension). - Brown, 1979: 38–39 (impact). - Ólafsson, 1979: 27–40 (introduced Iceland). - Willink, 1980: 205-206 (introduced Argentina). - Anon., 1980: 94–96 (Vic.). - White, 1983: 17–18 (spread in N. S. W.). - East, 1984: 21–26 (Vic., S. A., Tas.). - Crawford, 1985: 4 (Vic.). - Cardale, 1985: 208 (in subgenus Paravespula; cat.). - Spradbery, 1988: 78–86. - Clapperton et al., 19r89: 315-323 (distr. in New Zealand), - Naumann, 1990: 17–28 (Norfolk I.). - Crosland, 1990a: 18–23 (economic impact); 1990b: 616–617. - Anon., 1991: 78, 91 (Qld.). - Harriss & Beattie, 1991: 45-47 (pollen viability). - Spradbery, 1991a: 101–103 (ethology). - Crosland, 1991: 375-388 (spread in Tas., Vic., N. S. W., S. A., W. A.). - Brown et al., 1991: 553–562 ...