Ungulate spatiotemporal responses to contrasting predation risk from wolves and snow leopards
Spatial responses to risk from multiple predators can precipitate emergent consequences for prey (i.e., multiple-predator effects, MPEs) and mediate indirect interactions between predators. How prey navigate risk from multiple predators may therefore have important ramifications for understanding th...
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ftzenodo:oai:zenodo.org:7301818 2024-09-09T19:35:37+00:00 Ungulate spatiotemporal responses to contrasting predation risk from wolves and snow leopards Kachel, Shannon Bayrakcismith, Rana Kubanychbekov, Zairbek Kulenbekov, Rahim McCarthy, Tom Weckworth, Byron Wirsing, Aaron 2022-11-21 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7301818 unknown Zenodo https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13850 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tb2rbp044 https://zenodo.org/communities/dryad https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7301817 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7301818 oai:zenodo.org:7301818 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0 or later https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0-standalone.html Panthera uncia Predator facilitation Multiple-predator effects Canis lupus predation risk risk allocation landscape of fear Predation risk effects Animal Science and Zoology Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics info:eu-repo/semantics/other 2022 ftzenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.730181810.1111/1365-2656.1385010.5061/dryad.tb2rbp04410.5281/zenodo.7301817 2024-07-26T14:34:46Z Spatial responses to risk from multiple predators can precipitate emergent consequences for prey (i.e., multiple-predator effects, MPEs) and mediate indirect interactions between predators. How prey navigate risk from multiple predators may therefore have important ramifications for understanding the propagation of predation-risk effects (PREs) through ecosystems. The interaction of predator and prey traits has emerged as a potentially key driver of anti-predator behaviour but remains underexplored in large vertebrate systems, particularly where sympatric prey share multiple predators. We sought to better generalize our understanding of how predators influence their ecosystems by considering how multiple sources of contingency drive prey distribution in a multi-predator-multi-prey system. Specifically, we explored how two sympatric ungulates with different escape tactics – vertically agile, scrambling ibex ( Capra sibirica ) and sprinting argali ( Ovis ammon ) – responded to predation risk from shared predators with contrasting hunting modes – cursorial wolves ( Canis lupus ) and vertical-ambushing, stalking snow leopards ( Panthera uncia ). Contrasting risk posed by the two predators presented prey with clear trade-offs. Ibex selected for greater exposure to chronic long-term risk from snow leopards, and argali for wolves, in a nearly symmetrical manner that was predictable based on the compatibility of their respective traits. Yet, acute short-term risk from the same predator upended these long-term strategies, increasing each ungulate's exposure to risk from the alternate predator in a manner consistent with a scenario in which conflicting anti-predator behaviours precipitate risk-enhancing MPEs and mediate predator facilitation. By contrast, reactive responses to wolves led ibex to reduce their exposure to risk from both predators – a risk-reducing MPE. Evidence of a similar reactive risk-reducing effect for argali vis-à-vis snow leopards was lacking. Our results suggest that prey spatial responses and any ... Other/Unknown Material Canis lupus Zenodo |
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Zenodo |
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ftzenodo |
language |
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topic |
Panthera uncia Predator facilitation Multiple-predator effects Canis lupus predation risk risk allocation landscape of fear Predation risk effects Animal Science and Zoology Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics |
spellingShingle |
Panthera uncia Predator facilitation Multiple-predator effects Canis lupus predation risk risk allocation landscape of fear Predation risk effects Animal Science and Zoology Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Kachel, Shannon Bayrakcismith, Rana Kubanychbekov, Zairbek Kulenbekov, Rahim McCarthy, Tom Weckworth, Byron Wirsing, Aaron Ungulate spatiotemporal responses to contrasting predation risk from wolves and snow leopards |
topic_facet |
Panthera uncia Predator facilitation Multiple-predator effects Canis lupus predation risk risk allocation landscape of fear Predation risk effects Animal Science and Zoology Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics |
description |
Spatial responses to risk from multiple predators can precipitate emergent consequences for prey (i.e., multiple-predator effects, MPEs) and mediate indirect interactions between predators. How prey navigate risk from multiple predators may therefore have important ramifications for understanding the propagation of predation-risk effects (PREs) through ecosystems. The interaction of predator and prey traits has emerged as a potentially key driver of anti-predator behaviour but remains underexplored in large vertebrate systems, particularly where sympatric prey share multiple predators. We sought to better generalize our understanding of how predators influence their ecosystems by considering how multiple sources of contingency drive prey distribution in a multi-predator-multi-prey system. Specifically, we explored how two sympatric ungulates with different escape tactics – vertically agile, scrambling ibex ( Capra sibirica ) and sprinting argali ( Ovis ammon ) – responded to predation risk from shared predators with contrasting hunting modes – cursorial wolves ( Canis lupus ) and vertical-ambushing, stalking snow leopards ( Panthera uncia ). Contrasting risk posed by the two predators presented prey with clear trade-offs. Ibex selected for greater exposure to chronic long-term risk from snow leopards, and argali for wolves, in a nearly symmetrical manner that was predictable based on the compatibility of their respective traits. Yet, acute short-term risk from the same predator upended these long-term strategies, increasing each ungulate's exposure to risk from the alternate predator in a manner consistent with a scenario in which conflicting anti-predator behaviours precipitate risk-enhancing MPEs and mediate predator facilitation. By contrast, reactive responses to wolves led ibex to reduce their exposure to risk from both predators – a risk-reducing MPE. Evidence of a similar reactive risk-reducing effect for argali vis-à-vis snow leopards was lacking. Our results suggest that prey spatial responses and any ... |
format |
Other/Unknown Material |
author |
Kachel, Shannon Bayrakcismith, Rana Kubanychbekov, Zairbek Kulenbekov, Rahim McCarthy, Tom Weckworth, Byron Wirsing, Aaron |
author_facet |
Kachel, Shannon Bayrakcismith, Rana Kubanychbekov, Zairbek Kulenbekov, Rahim McCarthy, Tom Weckworth, Byron Wirsing, Aaron |
author_sort |
Kachel, Shannon |
title |
Ungulate spatiotemporal responses to contrasting predation risk from wolves and snow leopards |
title_short |
Ungulate spatiotemporal responses to contrasting predation risk from wolves and snow leopards |
title_full |
Ungulate spatiotemporal responses to contrasting predation risk from wolves and snow leopards |
title_fullStr |
Ungulate spatiotemporal responses to contrasting predation risk from wolves and snow leopards |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ungulate spatiotemporal responses to contrasting predation risk from wolves and snow leopards |
title_sort |
ungulate spatiotemporal responses to contrasting predation risk from wolves and snow leopards |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7301818 |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13850 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.tb2rbp044 https://zenodo.org/communities/dryad https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7301817 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7301818 oai:zenodo.org:7301818 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess GNU Lesser General Public License v3.0 or later https://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl-3.0-standalone.html |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.730181810.1111/1365-2656.1385010.5061/dryad.tb2rbp04410.5281/zenodo.7301817 |
_version_ |
1809904989252878336 |