Data from: Low levels of outdoor recreation alter wildlife behavior
Public interest in nature-based recreation is growing, including visitation to protected areas. However, the level of recreation in these areas that causes detectable changes in wildlife behavior remains unknown, and many studies that investigate wildlife responses to humans do so in high-visitation...
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ftzenodo:oai:zenodo.org:7023356 2024-09-15T17:36:19+00:00 Data from: Low levels of outdoor recreation alter wildlife behavior Sytsma, Mira Lewis, Tania Gardner, Beth Prugh, Laura 2022-08-25 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbghb unknown Zenodo https://zenodo.org/communities/dryad https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbghb oai:zenodo.org:7023356 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode fear effects protected areas (PAs) occupancy human-wildlife interactions human shield effect info:eu-repo/semantics/other 2022 ftzenodo https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbghb 2024-07-26T08:56:18Z Public interest in nature-based recreation is growing, including visitation to protected areas. However, the level of recreation in these areas that causes detectable changes in wildlife behavior remains unknown, and many studies that investigate wildlife responses to humans do so in high-visitation areas. We used camera traps to investigate the spatial and temporal responses of brown bears ( Ursus arctos ), black bears ( Ursus americanus ), moose ( Alces alces ), and wolves ( Canis lupis ) to experimentally manipulated levels of human activity in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska during summers 2017 and 2018. Human activity was restricted at some sites and concentrated at others, and these human impact treatments were swapped mid-season. The park has very low on-land visitation (~40,000 on-land tourists per year), making it a unique study system to investigate wildlife responses to low levels of human activity. Detections did not exceed five per week for any species unless human activity was absent (zero photos of humans were taken). However, spatial and temporal patterns of wildlife activity in relation to human activity were nuanced and species-specific. Moose shifted their activity patterns to better align with when people were most active. Black bears were more likely to be detected in areas of high human activity but used high-use areas less intensely than low-use areas. Wolves used areas of high human impact more intensely, but shifted their activity to be more strongly nocturnal. Our results highlight the importance of considering both spatial and temporal responses of wildlife to human activity. Additionally, and arguably most importantly, we detected changes in wildlife behavior in response to humans in a national park with relatively low tourism. Although natural processes may dominate in protected areas, our results indicate that even low levels of human activity can alter wildlife behavior. Synthesis and applications: We demonstrated that nearly any level of human activity in a protected area may ... Other/Unknown Material Alces alces glacier Ursus arctos Alaska Zenodo |
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fear effects protected areas (PAs) occupancy human-wildlife interactions human shield effect |
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fear effects protected areas (PAs) occupancy human-wildlife interactions human shield effect Sytsma, Mira Lewis, Tania Gardner, Beth Prugh, Laura Data from: Low levels of outdoor recreation alter wildlife behavior |
topic_facet |
fear effects protected areas (PAs) occupancy human-wildlife interactions human shield effect |
description |
Public interest in nature-based recreation is growing, including visitation to protected areas. However, the level of recreation in these areas that causes detectable changes in wildlife behavior remains unknown, and many studies that investigate wildlife responses to humans do so in high-visitation areas. We used camera traps to investigate the spatial and temporal responses of brown bears ( Ursus arctos ), black bears ( Ursus americanus ), moose ( Alces alces ), and wolves ( Canis lupis ) to experimentally manipulated levels of human activity in Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska during summers 2017 and 2018. Human activity was restricted at some sites and concentrated at others, and these human impact treatments were swapped mid-season. The park has very low on-land visitation (~40,000 on-land tourists per year), making it a unique study system to investigate wildlife responses to low levels of human activity. Detections did not exceed five per week for any species unless human activity was absent (zero photos of humans were taken). However, spatial and temporal patterns of wildlife activity in relation to human activity were nuanced and species-specific. Moose shifted their activity patterns to better align with when people were most active. Black bears were more likely to be detected in areas of high human activity but used high-use areas less intensely than low-use areas. Wolves used areas of high human impact more intensely, but shifted their activity to be more strongly nocturnal. Our results highlight the importance of considering both spatial and temporal responses of wildlife to human activity. Additionally, and arguably most importantly, we detected changes in wildlife behavior in response to humans in a national park with relatively low tourism. Although natural processes may dominate in protected areas, our results indicate that even low levels of human activity can alter wildlife behavior. Synthesis and applications: We demonstrated that nearly any level of human activity in a protected area may ... |
format |
Other/Unknown Material |
author |
Sytsma, Mira Lewis, Tania Gardner, Beth Prugh, Laura |
author_facet |
Sytsma, Mira Lewis, Tania Gardner, Beth Prugh, Laura |
author_sort |
Sytsma, Mira |
title |
Data from: Low levels of outdoor recreation alter wildlife behavior |
title_short |
Data from: Low levels of outdoor recreation alter wildlife behavior |
title_full |
Data from: Low levels of outdoor recreation alter wildlife behavior |
title_fullStr |
Data from: Low levels of outdoor recreation alter wildlife behavior |
title_full_unstemmed |
Data from: Low levels of outdoor recreation alter wildlife behavior |
title_sort |
data from: low levels of outdoor recreation alter wildlife behavior |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbghb |
genre |
Alces alces glacier Ursus arctos Alaska |
genre_facet |
Alces alces glacier Ursus arctos Alaska |
op_relation |
https://zenodo.org/communities/dryad https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbghb oai:zenodo.org:7023356 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbghb |
_version_ |
1810488682054942720 |