Cinachyra antarctica Carter 1872

• Main Authors: Göcke, Christian, Janussen, Dorte
• Format: Other/Unknown Material
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2013
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Porifera; Demospongiae; Spirophorida; Tetillidae; Cinachyra; Cinachyra antarctica; Burton; Antarc*; Antarctica
• Online Access: https://zenodo.org/record/6145120; https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6145120

Cinachyra antarctica (Carter, 1872) (Fig. 2) Cinachyra antarctica (Carter, 1872): Burton 1929: 419, 1932: 264, 1938: 5. Koltun 1976: 167. Desqueyroux 1975: 55, pl. 1, figs. 10–12. Desqueyroux-Faúndez 1989: 104, pl. 1, figs. 3 a–c, pl. 6, figs. 33–34. Barthel et al. 1990: 122, 1997: 47. Gutt and Koltun 1995: 230. Campos et al. 2007 a: 688–690, figs. 2–11, tab. 1. Synonymy: Tethya antarctica Carter, 1872: 412, pl. 20, figs. 1–10. Cinachyra vertex Lendenfeld, 1907: 310 –322, pl. 21, figs. 17–24, pl. 22, figs. 1–42, pl. 23, figs. 1–19. Cinachyra vertex monticularis Kirkpatrick, 1908: 11, pl. 10, figs, 15, 16, pl. 11, figs. 1–3. Material. 7 specimens from station 048- 1 (SMF 11795, 11764), 602.1 m, 70 ° 23.94 ' S, 8 ° 19.14 ' W, 12.01. 2008. Material examined for comparison: BMNH 1928.11. 15.201, “Discovery” Investigations, 1928, Stn. 42, South Georgia, 120–204 m, wet specimen. Description. All specimens very small juvenile sponges of about 5 mm x 4 mm. A large osculum surrounded by a very dense regular fringe of spicules at the top (Fig. 2). At the basis, few rooting spicules present. Surfaces with very small conules bearing short, protruding bundles of spicules. Skeleton of radially arranged bundles of triaenes and oxeas, originating from the center and diverging towards the exterior, often breaking trough the epidermis, thus forming the fringe at the osculum, spicule bundles at the surface and root tufts. Within the choanosome, free oxeas present. Sigmaspires very abundant, freely within the entire tissue. Epidermis composed of a very dense layer of spongin with grains of sand incorporated (Fig. 2). Spicule sizes in all specimens very variable, with anatriaenes and protriaenes up to 2000 µm and oxeas about 600 to 1100 µm, sigmaspires 20 µm. Remarks. Spicules of this species have been well investigated and documented by Campos et al. (2007 a) and Lendenfeld (1907). The spicules of our new specimens fit very well within the known schemes. The type material of C. antarctica, described by Carter (1872), is about 5 to ...