Bottom temperature and salinity distribution and its variability around Iceland
The barrier formed by the Greenland–Scotland-Ridge (GSR) shapes the oceanic conditions in the region around Iceland. Deep water cannot be exchanged across the ridge, and only limited water mass exchange in intermediate layers is possible through deep channels, where the flow is directed southwestwar...
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Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2016.02.009 |
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ftzenodo:oai:zenodo.org:48719 2024-09-15T18:10:03+00:00 Bottom temperature and salinity distribution and its variability around Iceland Jochumsen, Kerstin Schnurr, Sarah Quadfasel, Detlef 2016-02-24 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2016.02.009 unknown Zenodo https://zenodo.org/communities/naclim https://zenodo.org/communities/eu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2016.02.009 oai:zenodo.org:48719 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 111(May 2016), 79-90, (2016-02-24) Average hydrographic conditions near Iceland Hydrographic variability Seasonal cycle Species distribution modelling info:eu-repo/semantics/article 2016 ftzenodo https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2016.02.009 2024-07-26T04:00:50Z The barrier formed by the Greenland–Scotland-Ridge (GSR) shapes the oceanic conditions in the region around Iceland. Deep water cannot be exchanged across the ridge, and only limited water mass exchange in intermediate layers is possible through deep channels, where the flow is directed southwestward (the Nordic Overflows). As a result, the near-bottom water masses in the deep basins of the northern North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas hold major temperature differences. Here, we use near-bottom measurements of about 88,000 CTD (conductivity–temperature–depth) and bottle profiles, collected in the period 1900–2008, to investigate the distribution of near-bottom properties. Data are gridded into regular boxes of about 11km size and interpolated following isobaths. We derive average spatial temperature and salinity distributions in the region around Iceland, showing the influence of the GSR on the near-bottom hydrography. The spatial distribution of standard deviation is used to identify local variability, which is enhanced near water mass fronts. Finally, property changes within the period 1975–2008 are presented using time series analysis techniques for a collection of grid boxes with sufficient data resolution. Seasonal variability, as well as long term trends are discussed for different bottom depth classes, representing varying water masses. The seasonal cycle is most pronounced in temperature and decreases with depth (mean amplitudes of 2.2°C in the near surface layers vs. 0.2°C at depths >500m), while linear trends are evident in both temperature and salinity (maxima in shallow waters of +0.33°C/decade for temperature and +0.03/decade for salinity). Postprint available, contact NACLIM@zmaw.de Article in Journal/Newspaper Greenland Greenland-Scotland Ridge Iceland Nordic Seas North Atlantic Zenodo Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 111 79 90 |
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language |
unknown |
topic |
Average hydrographic conditions near Iceland Hydrographic variability Seasonal cycle Species distribution modelling |
spellingShingle |
Average hydrographic conditions near Iceland Hydrographic variability Seasonal cycle Species distribution modelling Jochumsen, Kerstin Schnurr, Sarah Quadfasel, Detlef Bottom temperature and salinity distribution and its variability around Iceland |
topic_facet |
Average hydrographic conditions near Iceland Hydrographic variability Seasonal cycle Species distribution modelling |
description |
The barrier formed by the Greenland–Scotland-Ridge (GSR) shapes the oceanic conditions in the region around Iceland. Deep water cannot be exchanged across the ridge, and only limited water mass exchange in intermediate layers is possible through deep channels, where the flow is directed southwestward (the Nordic Overflows). As a result, the near-bottom water masses in the deep basins of the northern North Atlantic and the Nordic Seas hold major temperature differences. Here, we use near-bottom measurements of about 88,000 CTD (conductivity–temperature–depth) and bottle profiles, collected in the period 1900–2008, to investigate the distribution of near-bottom properties. Data are gridded into regular boxes of about 11km size and interpolated following isobaths. We derive average spatial temperature and salinity distributions in the region around Iceland, showing the influence of the GSR on the near-bottom hydrography. The spatial distribution of standard deviation is used to identify local variability, which is enhanced near water mass fronts. Finally, property changes within the period 1975–2008 are presented using time series analysis techniques for a collection of grid boxes with sufficient data resolution. Seasonal variability, as well as long term trends are discussed for different bottom depth classes, representing varying water masses. The seasonal cycle is most pronounced in temperature and decreases with depth (mean amplitudes of 2.2°C in the near surface layers vs. 0.2°C at depths >500m), while linear trends are evident in both temperature and salinity (maxima in shallow waters of +0.33°C/decade for temperature and +0.03/decade for salinity). Postprint available, contact NACLIM@zmaw.de |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Jochumsen, Kerstin Schnurr, Sarah Quadfasel, Detlef |
author_facet |
Jochumsen, Kerstin Schnurr, Sarah Quadfasel, Detlef |
author_sort |
Jochumsen, Kerstin |
title |
Bottom temperature and salinity distribution and its variability around Iceland |
title_short |
Bottom temperature and salinity distribution and its variability around Iceland |
title_full |
Bottom temperature and salinity distribution and its variability around Iceland |
title_fullStr |
Bottom temperature and salinity distribution and its variability around Iceland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bottom temperature and salinity distribution and its variability around Iceland |
title_sort |
bottom temperature and salinity distribution and its variability around iceland |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2016.02.009 |
genre |
Greenland Greenland-Scotland Ridge Iceland Nordic Seas North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Greenland Greenland-Scotland Ridge Iceland Nordic Seas North Atlantic |
op_source |
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 111(May 2016), 79-90, (2016-02-24) |
op_relation |
https://zenodo.org/communities/naclim https://zenodo.org/communities/eu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2016.02.009 oai:zenodo.org:48719 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2016.02.009 |
container_title |
Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers |
container_volume |
111 |
container_start_page |
79 |
op_container_end_page |
90 |
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1810447644944760832 |