Fat storage influences fasting endurance more than body size in an ungulate
1. The fasting endurance hypothesis (FEH) predicts strong selection for large body size in mammals living in environments where food supply is interrupted over prolonged periods of time. The Arctic is a highly seasonal and food restricted environment, but contrary to predictions from the FEH, empiri...
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ftzenodo:oai:zenodo.org:4682654 2023-05-15T14:58:01+02:00 Fat storage influences fasting endurance more than body size in an ungulate Trondrud, L. Monica Pigeon, Gabriel Król, Elżbieta Albon, Steve Evans, Alina L. Arnold, Walter Hambly, Catherine Irvine, R. Justin Ropstad, Erik Stien, Audun Veiberg, Vebjørn Speakman, John R. Loe, Leif Egil 2021-04-22 https://zenodo.org/record/4682654 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682654 unknown doi:10.5061/dryad.83bk3j9qv doi:10.5281/zenodo.4682653 https://zenodo.org/communities/dryad https://zenodo.org/record/4682654 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682654 oai:zenodo.org:4682654 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode body temperature Rangifer Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus fasting endurance energy budget body composition subcutaneous body temperature the Arctic intraspecific scaling info:eu-repo/semantics/other software 2021 ftzenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.468265410.5061/dryad.83bk3j9qv10.5281/zenodo.4682653 2023-03-10T19:25:44Z 1. The fasting endurance hypothesis (FEH) predicts strong selection for large body size in mammals living in environments where food supply is interrupted over prolonged periods of time. The Arctic is a highly seasonal and food restricted environment, but contrary to predictions from the FEH, empirical evidence shows that Arctic mammals are often smaller than their temperate conspecifics. Intraspecific studies integrating physiology and behaviour of different-sized individuals, may shed light on this paradox. 2. We tested the FEH in free-living Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). We measured daily energy expenditure (DEE), subcutaneous body temperature (Tsc) and activity levels during the late winter in 14 adult females with body masses ranging from 46.3 to 57.8 kg. Winter energy expenditure (WEE) and fasting endurance (FE) were modelled dynamically by combining these data with body composition measurements of culled individuals at the onset of winter (14 years, n = 140) and variation in activity level throughout winter (10 years, n = 70). 3. Mean DEE was 6.3±0.7 MJ day−1. Lean mass, Tsc and activity had significantly positive effects on DEE. Across all 140 individuals, mean FE was 85±17 days (range 48–137 days). In contrast to the predictions of the FEH, the dominant factor affecting FE was initial fat mass, while body mass and FE were not correlated. Furthermore, lean mass and fat mass were not correlated. FE was on average 80% (45 days) longer in fat than lean individuals of the same size. Reducing activity levels by ~16% or Tsc by ~5% increased FE by 7%, and 4%, respectively. 4. Our results fail to support the FEH. Rather, we demonstrate that (i) the size of fat reserves can be independent of lean mass and body size within a species, (ii) ecological and environmental variation influence FE via their effects on body composition, and (iii) physiological and behavioural adjustments can improve FE within individuals. Altogether, our results suggest that there is a selection in Svalbard reindeer ... Software Arctic Rangifer tarandus Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus Svalbard svalbard reindeer Zenodo Arctic Dee ENVELOPE(-59.767,-59.767,-62.433,-62.433) Svalbard |
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unknown |
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body temperature Rangifer Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus fasting endurance energy budget body composition subcutaneous body temperature the Arctic intraspecific scaling |
spellingShingle |
body temperature Rangifer Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus fasting endurance energy budget body composition subcutaneous body temperature the Arctic intraspecific scaling Trondrud, L. Monica Pigeon, Gabriel Król, Elżbieta Albon, Steve Evans, Alina L. Arnold, Walter Hambly, Catherine Irvine, R. Justin Ropstad, Erik Stien, Audun Veiberg, Vebjørn Speakman, John R. Loe, Leif Egil Fat storage influences fasting endurance more than body size in an ungulate |
topic_facet |
body temperature Rangifer Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus fasting endurance energy budget body composition subcutaneous body temperature the Arctic intraspecific scaling |
description |
1. The fasting endurance hypothesis (FEH) predicts strong selection for large body size in mammals living in environments where food supply is interrupted over prolonged periods of time. The Arctic is a highly seasonal and food restricted environment, but contrary to predictions from the FEH, empirical evidence shows that Arctic mammals are often smaller than their temperate conspecifics. Intraspecific studies integrating physiology and behaviour of different-sized individuals, may shed light on this paradox. 2. We tested the FEH in free-living Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). We measured daily energy expenditure (DEE), subcutaneous body temperature (Tsc) and activity levels during the late winter in 14 adult females with body masses ranging from 46.3 to 57.8 kg. Winter energy expenditure (WEE) and fasting endurance (FE) were modelled dynamically by combining these data with body composition measurements of culled individuals at the onset of winter (14 years, n = 140) and variation in activity level throughout winter (10 years, n = 70). 3. Mean DEE was 6.3±0.7 MJ day−1. Lean mass, Tsc and activity had significantly positive effects on DEE. Across all 140 individuals, mean FE was 85±17 days (range 48–137 days). In contrast to the predictions of the FEH, the dominant factor affecting FE was initial fat mass, while body mass and FE were not correlated. Furthermore, lean mass and fat mass were not correlated. FE was on average 80% (45 days) longer in fat than lean individuals of the same size. Reducing activity levels by ~16% or Tsc by ~5% increased FE by 7%, and 4%, respectively. 4. Our results fail to support the FEH. Rather, we demonstrate that (i) the size of fat reserves can be independent of lean mass and body size within a species, (ii) ecological and environmental variation influence FE via their effects on body composition, and (iii) physiological and behavioural adjustments can improve FE within individuals. Altogether, our results suggest that there is a selection in Svalbard reindeer ... |
format |
Software |
author |
Trondrud, L. Monica Pigeon, Gabriel Król, Elżbieta Albon, Steve Evans, Alina L. Arnold, Walter Hambly, Catherine Irvine, R. Justin Ropstad, Erik Stien, Audun Veiberg, Vebjørn Speakman, John R. Loe, Leif Egil |
author_facet |
Trondrud, L. Monica Pigeon, Gabriel Król, Elżbieta Albon, Steve Evans, Alina L. Arnold, Walter Hambly, Catherine Irvine, R. Justin Ropstad, Erik Stien, Audun Veiberg, Vebjørn Speakman, John R. Loe, Leif Egil |
author_sort |
Trondrud, L. Monica |
title |
Fat storage influences fasting endurance more than body size in an ungulate |
title_short |
Fat storage influences fasting endurance more than body size in an ungulate |
title_full |
Fat storage influences fasting endurance more than body size in an ungulate |
title_fullStr |
Fat storage influences fasting endurance more than body size in an ungulate |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fat storage influences fasting endurance more than body size in an ungulate |
title_sort |
fat storage influences fasting endurance more than body size in an ungulate |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://zenodo.org/record/4682654 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682654 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-59.767,-59.767,-62.433,-62.433) |
geographic |
Arctic Dee Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Dee Svalbard |
genre |
Arctic Rangifer tarandus Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus Svalbard svalbard reindeer |
genre_facet |
Arctic Rangifer tarandus Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus Svalbard svalbard reindeer |
op_relation |
doi:10.5061/dryad.83bk3j9qv doi:10.5281/zenodo.4682653 https://zenodo.org/communities/dryad https://zenodo.org/record/4682654 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682654 oai:zenodo.org:4682654 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.468265410.5061/dryad.83bk3j9qv10.5281/zenodo.4682653 |
_version_ |
1766330115854172160 |