Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males
Age at first reproduction constitutes a key life history trait in animals and is evolutionary shaped by fitness benefits and costs of delayed versus early reproduction. The understanding of how intrinsic and extrinsic changes affects age at first reproduction is crucial for conservation and manageme...
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ftzenodo:oai:zenodo.org:4585554 2023-09-26T15:17:02+02:00 Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males Wikenros, Camilla Gicquel, Morgane Zimmermann, Barbara Flagstad, Øystein Åkesson, Mikael 2021-03-05 https://zenodo.org/record/4585554 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rgg unknown https://zenodo.org/communities/dryad https://zenodo.org/record/4585554 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rgg oai:zenodo.org:4585554 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode info:eu-repo/semantics/other dataset 2021 ftzenodo https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rgg 2023-08-29T23:04:48Z Age at first reproduction constitutes a key life history trait in animals and is evolutionary shaped by fitness benefits and costs of delayed versus early reproduction. The understanding of how intrinsic and extrinsic changes affects age at first reproduction is crucial for conservation and management of threatened species because of its demographic effects on population growth and generation time. For a period of 40 years in the Scandinavian wolf (Canis lupus) population, including the recolonization phase, we estimated age at first successful reproduction (pup survival to at least three weeks of age) and examined how the variation among individuals was explained by sex, population size (from 1 to 74 packs), primiparous or multiparous origin, reproductive experience of the partner, and inbreeding. Median age at first reproduction was 3 years for females (n = 60) and 2 years for males (n = 74), and ranged between 1 and 8-10 years of age (n = 297). Female age at first reproduction decreased with increasing population size, and increased with higher levels of inbreeding. The probability for males to reproduce later first decreased, reaching its minimum when the number of territories approached 40 to 60, and then increased with increasing population size. Inbreeding for males and reproductive experience of parents and partners for both sexes had weak or no effect on age at first reproduction. These results allow for more accurate parameter estimates when modelling population dynamics for management and conservation of small and vulnerable wolf populations, and show how humans through legal harvest and illegal hunting influence an important life history trait like age at first reproduction. Dataset Canis lupus Zenodo |
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Age at first reproduction constitutes a key life history trait in animals and is evolutionary shaped by fitness benefits and costs of delayed versus early reproduction. The understanding of how intrinsic and extrinsic changes affects age at first reproduction is crucial for conservation and management of threatened species because of its demographic effects on population growth and generation time. For a period of 40 years in the Scandinavian wolf (Canis lupus) population, including the recolonization phase, we estimated age at first successful reproduction (pup survival to at least three weeks of age) and examined how the variation among individuals was explained by sex, population size (from 1 to 74 packs), primiparous or multiparous origin, reproductive experience of the partner, and inbreeding. Median age at first reproduction was 3 years for females (n = 60) and 2 years for males (n = 74), and ranged between 1 and 8-10 years of age (n = 297). Female age at first reproduction decreased with increasing population size, and increased with higher levels of inbreeding. The probability for males to reproduce later first decreased, reaching its minimum when the number of territories approached 40 to 60, and then increased with increasing population size. Inbreeding for males and reproductive experience of parents and partners for both sexes had weak or no effect on age at first reproduction. These results allow for more accurate parameter estimates when modelling population dynamics for management and conservation of small and vulnerable wolf populations, and show how humans through legal harvest and illegal hunting influence an important life history trait like age at first reproduction. |
format |
Dataset |
author |
Wikenros, Camilla Gicquel, Morgane Zimmermann, Barbara Flagstad, Øystein Åkesson, Mikael |
spellingShingle |
Wikenros, Camilla Gicquel, Morgane Zimmermann, Barbara Flagstad, Øystein Åkesson, Mikael Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males |
author_facet |
Wikenros, Camilla Gicquel, Morgane Zimmermann, Barbara Flagstad, Øystein Åkesson, Mikael |
author_sort |
Wikenros, Camilla |
title |
Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males |
title_short |
Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males |
title_full |
Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males |
title_fullStr |
Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males |
title_full_unstemmed |
Age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males |
title_sort |
age at first reproduction in wolves: different patterns of density dependence for females and males |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://zenodo.org/record/4585554 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rgg |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_relation |
https://zenodo.org/communities/dryad https://zenodo.org/record/4585554 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rgg oai:zenodo.org:4585554 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3n5tb2rgg |
_version_ |
1778138389225144320 |