Confronting assumptions about prey selection by lunge-feeding whales using a process-based model
The relative energetic benefits of foraging on one type of prey rather than another are not easily measured, particularly for large free-ranging predators. Nonetheless, assumptions about preferred and alternative prey are frequently made when predicting how a predator may impact its environment, ada...
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ftzenodo:oai:zenodo.org:4299066 2024-09-15T18:11:16+00:00 Confronting assumptions about prey selection by lunge-feeding whales using a process-based model Chenoweth, Ellen Boswell, Kevin Friedlaender, Ari McPhee, Megan Burrows, Julia Heintz, Ron Straley, Jan 2021-05-24 https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7sqv9s4r0 unknown Zenodo https://zenodo.org/communities/dryad https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7sqv9s4r0 oai:zenodo.org:4299066 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode info:eu-repo/semantics/other 2021 ftzenodo https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7sqv9s4r0 2024-07-26T03:36:32Z The relative energetic benefits of foraging on one type of prey rather than another are not easily measured, particularly for large free-ranging predators. Nonetheless, assumptions about preferred and alternative prey are frequently made when predicting how a predator may impact its environment, adapt to environmental change, or interact with human activities. We developed and implemented a process-based model to investigate the potential energetic benefit (PEB) of in situ foraging opportunities in rorqual whales. The model integrates and evaluates the energetic importance of measured prey patch characteristics (prey distribution, energy content and predator avoidance) and predator characteristics (morphometrics, foraging tactics and feeding rates). We applied the model to test the assumption that hatchery-released juvenile salmon are an "easy meal" for humpback whales compared to more common prey, herring and krill. In eleven out of the thirteen foraging situations considered, whales were found to be feeding in a manner where net energy gain was greater than the energetic costs of non-foraging swimming. Humpback whale PEB for hatchery-released juvenile salmon fell within the range of the PEB for krill and herring but varied by species, from relatively high PEB for chum salmon to relatively low for coho salmon. Our model provides behavioral insight as well, indicating that shallow feeding may be more important for reducing energy expenditure through slower lunge speeds than for increasing prey capture. The model also provides a means of identifying prey patch characteristics, with prey aggregation playing the largest role in determining PEB despite being a poor overall proxy for PEB, supporting the use of the complex model framework. Modeling approaches are especially valuable where they can use reasonable assumptions to substitute for lack of reliable observations, thereby integrating a range of interacting factors into a single framework. Additionally, because process-based models can make predictions outside ... Other/Unknown Material Humpback Whale Zenodo |
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The relative energetic benefits of foraging on one type of prey rather than another are not easily measured, particularly for large free-ranging predators. Nonetheless, assumptions about preferred and alternative prey are frequently made when predicting how a predator may impact its environment, adapt to environmental change, or interact with human activities. We developed and implemented a process-based model to investigate the potential energetic benefit (PEB) of in situ foraging opportunities in rorqual whales. The model integrates and evaluates the energetic importance of measured prey patch characteristics (prey distribution, energy content and predator avoidance) and predator characteristics (morphometrics, foraging tactics and feeding rates). We applied the model to test the assumption that hatchery-released juvenile salmon are an "easy meal" for humpback whales compared to more common prey, herring and krill. In eleven out of the thirteen foraging situations considered, whales were found to be feeding in a manner where net energy gain was greater than the energetic costs of non-foraging swimming. Humpback whale PEB for hatchery-released juvenile salmon fell within the range of the PEB for krill and herring but varied by species, from relatively high PEB for chum salmon to relatively low for coho salmon. Our model provides behavioral insight as well, indicating that shallow feeding may be more important for reducing energy expenditure through slower lunge speeds than for increasing prey capture. The model also provides a means of identifying prey patch characteristics, with prey aggregation playing the largest role in determining PEB despite being a poor overall proxy for PEB, supporting the use of the complex model framework. Modeling approaches are especially valuable where they can use reasonable assumptions to substitute for lack of reliable observations, thereby integrating a range of interacting factors into a single framework. Additionally, because process-based models can make predictions outside ... |
format |
Other/Unknown Material |
author |
Chenoweth, Ellen Boswell, Kevin Friedlaender, Ari McPhee, Megan Burrows, Julia Heintz, Ron Straley, Jan |
spellingShingle |
Chenoweth, Ellen Boswell, Kevin Friedlaender, Ari McPhee, Megan Burrows, Julia Heintz, Ron Straley, Jan Confronting assumptions about prey selection by lunge-feeding whales using a process-based model |
author_facet |
Chenoweth, Ellen Boswell, Kevin Friedlaender, Ari McPhee, Megan Burrows, Julia Heintz, Ron Straley, Jan |
author_sort |
Chenoweth, Ellen |
title |
Confronting assumptions about prey selection by lunge-feeding whales using a process-based model |
title_short |
Confronting assumptions about prey selection by lunge-feeding whales using a process-based model |
title_full |
Confronting assumptions about prey selection by lunge-feeding whales using a process-based model |
title_fullStr |
Confronting assumptions about prey selection by lunge-feeding whales using a process-based model |
title_full_unstemmed |
Confronting assumptions about prey selection by lunge-feeding whales using a process-based model |
title_sort |
confronting assumptions about prey selection by lunge-feeding whales using a process-based model |
publisher |
Zenodo |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7sqv9s4r0 |
genre |
Humpback Whale |
genre_facet |
Humpback Whale |
op_relation |
https://zenodo.org/communities/dryad https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7sqv9s4r0 oai:zenodo.org:4299066 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7sqv9s4r0 |
_version_ |
1810448846834106368 |